Block 9 Week 3 Viruses Flashcards
AIDS/HIV
Single stranded positive sense Retrovirus which is enveloped and transmitted via contact with bodily fluids. Affects gay/bisexual men and Black African people and drug users disproportionately
Single stranded RNA viruses
Rhinovirus
Norovirus
Hep A
Hep C
SARS-COV2
Polio
Negative sense single RNA virus
Influenza
RSV
Rabies
Ebola
Yellow fever
Double stranded RNA viruses
Rotavirus, common cause of diarrhoea in young children
Double stranded DNA virus
Adenovirus
Cytomegalovirus
Varicella Zoster virus
HPV
Herpes virus
HepB
Influenza virus
Negative sense SS RNA. A and B . It is an enveloped virus which replicates in the URT and move to the lower LRT. It causes flu, pneumonia and sinus infection.
Respiratory Synctial Virus
Enveloped SS Negative sense RNA virus. Causes pneumonia and bronchiolotis in infants but mostly the common cold. It is spread through droplets
Adenovirus
Causes fever, pneumonia, acute bronchitis. Spreads through touching contaminated surfaces or droplets. Naked virus with linear DS DNA and icosahedral shape.
Most common viral cause of gastroenteritis in adults
Norovirus which spreads via Faeco-oral transmission. It is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus which is naked.
Most common viral cause of gastroenteritis in children
Rotavirus. Double stranded RNA which is naked and causes diarrhoea, transmitted via faeco-oral contact through direct contact.
Hepatitis infection
Liver infection transmitted through blood, semen and vaginal fluids.
Kaposi’s sarcoma-causative agent
Cancer due to human herpes virus 8
Hep A
Naked Single stranded RNA positive which results in CD8+ mediated destruction of hepatocytes, causes jaundice with dark urine and pale stools. It is an ACUTE infection, transmitted foeco-oral route and more common with travellers.
Hep B
ds DNA enveloped virus which targets liver cells and has a strong association with liver cancer, and has a superantigen response, transmitted via bodily fluids. It is the only type of hepatitis which can result in hepatitis D infection and transmitted by animals.
It uses reverse transcription.
Hep C
Single stranded RNA positive sense enveloped which targets liver cells and causes liver cancer. Transmitted sexually, vertically or subcutaneously.
Human Papilloma Virus
Causes cancers of the genital region and warts, usually without symptoms. Transmitted via sexual contact. Naked virus with DS circular DNA genome
Herpes Simplex Virus/ HSV
Double stranded DNA virus with an icosahedral capsid, causing blisters and ulcers which spread through skin to skin contact and incurable. DS linear DNA which is enveloped.
Glandular fever
Causes swollen lymph nodes and fever and swollen neck. It is caused by Epstein-Barr virus, a double stranded DNA virus which is enveloped. Spread through droplets and sharing cutlery.
Epstein-Barr virus complications
Double stranded DNA virus that causes mononucleosis and is taken up by the tonsilar lymphoid tissue, with a latency period of 2-6 weeks.
It induces the formation of heterophile antibodies, which are poorly defined IgM antibodies with a low specificity.
**Lymphoma eg Hodgkin and Burkin’s, nasopharyngeal carcinoma **
Sars-COV2
Causes COVID-19 and transmitted via droplets. It is an enveloped virus with positive sense RNA.
Polio
Invades the nervous system and causes paralysis, resides in throat and intestines. Transmitted via droplets or foecal-oral contact. It is isngle stranded positive sense RNA genome which is naked.
Rabies
Zoonotic disease transmitted by animal bite causing fatal inflammation of brain and spinal cord. It has a negative sense RNA with a bullet shaped structure
Yellow fever
Single stranded +RNA Virus transmitted by aedes mosquito vector and the reservoir is monkeys which causes typical fever symptoms. Can result in hepatic and renal failure.
Classified as zoonotic/arbovirus
Dengue
Single stranded positive sense Virus transmitted by aedes mosquitos common in tropical environments, with haemorrhagic fever.
Zika
Arbovirus transmitted by aedes mosquitos which can be transmitted congenital to the infant causing birth defects or via sex. It causes microencephaly in newborns.
Ebola
Causes fever, aches and pains which is transmitted through blood and bodily fluids. Single stranded RNA which is enveloped.
Location of RNA virus replication?
Extranuclear
Hepatitis A incubation period
2-4 weeks
Causative agent of the common cold
Rhinovirus which is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus
Which antibiotic is teratogenic in 1st trimester?
Trimethoprim
Tetracycline >
Why is a new influenza vaccine required yearly?
Antigenic shift where the surface glucoprotein neuraminidase or haemogluttin undergo a point mutation over time, making antibodies generated less effective.
Hepatitis E
Single stranded RNA virus which is an acute infection transmitted via the faeco-oral route in
Hepatitis D
Negative sense RNA which can only cause infection after hepatitis B.
How does shingles present?
Burning intense pain for 2-3 days, that can interfere with sleep. Rash that does NOT cross the midline. It is caused by reactivation of varicella zoster virus which is more common in immunocompromised patients
Complications are neuralgia (most common) and
Where do DNA viruses replicate?
Nucleus.
Where do RNA viruses replicate?
Cytoplasm.
