Infections

Question 1

Common bacteria in the respiratory tract

Answer 1

Staphylcoccus aureus which is commensal found in the skin and respiratory tract. Causes skin infection, respiratory infection, osteomyelitis and gastroenteritis

Question 2

Bacteria in the GIT

Answer 2

Clostridium dificile which is transmitted faeco-oral route. It is a spore forming and forms enterotoxin and cytotoxin to cause diarrhea, dehydration and abdominal pain. It can also be caused by use of antibiotics.

Question 3

Bacteria in lower GI tract

Answer 3

Ecoli which causes gastroenteritis, UTI and neonatal meningitis. It can lead to haemolytic uremic syndrome.

Question 4

Features of E.Coli

Answer 4

Gram negative Bacilli, catalase positive and oxidative negative.

Question 5

What is streptococcus pneumoniae features?

Answer 5

Gram positive, alpha-haemolytic and catalase negative.

Question 6

What is haemolytic uremic syndrome?

Answer 6

Blood disorder small blood vessels become damaged and inflamed to cause low RBC, platelets and AKI.

Question 7

Helicobacter pylori

Answer 7

Contains flagella to penetrate stomach lining and cause ulcers, stomach adenocarcinoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma

Question 8

Common cause of gastroenteritis

Answer 8

Norovirus

Question 9

Common cause of bronchiolitis

Answer 9

RSV

Question 10

Tapeworm which uses sheep as an intermediate host

Answer 10

Echinococcus granulosus

Question 11

River blindness

Answer 11

Onchocerca volvulus

Question 12

Dengue fever

Answer 12

Transmitted by Aedes mosquito with fever and maculopapular rash.

Question 13

Hepatitis viruses transmitted faeco-oral

Answer 13

Hep A and Hep E

Question 14

Cause of Meningitis in infants

Answer 14

Group B streptococci

Question 15

Cause of viral meningitis in elderly

Answer 15

Enterovirus

Question 16

Cellulitis

Answer 16

Infection to the deeper dermis and subcutaneous tissues

Question 17

Cause of cellulitis

Answer 17

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 18

Infection with a long incubation period

Answer 18

14-16 days- varicella zoster

Question 19

Mechanism of vibrio cholerae

Answer 19

Activates adenylate cyclase which increase cAMP levels

Question 20

Effect of congenital syphyllis

Answer 20

Spaced teeth

Question 21

Adverse effect of vancomycin

Answer 21

Nephrotoxicity

Question 22

Scarlett fever

Answer 22

Sandpaper skin rash, bumpy red tongue, sore throat and fever caused by streptococcus pyogenes. Can progress to poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.

Question 23

Cause of toxic shock syndrome

Answer 23

Staphylcoccus aureus

Question 24

Presentation of meningitis

Answer 24

Stiff neck and photophobia with rash over face and torso.

Question 25

Most common complication of meningitis

Answer 25

Sensineural deafness

Question 26

Whooping cough

Answer 26

Caused by bordatella pertussis which activates Gs protein to increase intracellular cAMP levels. Symptoms begin as the common cold and progress to vomiting

Question 27

Most common cause for common cold

Answer 27

Rhinovirus

Question 28

Measles presentatio

Answer 28

Maculopapular rash

Question 29

Bacterium culture containing beta-lactamase- antibiotic resistance

Answer 29

Pencillin antibiotics

Question 30

Scattered crackles and no focal consolidation

Answer 30

Pneumocystitis jirovecci present in immunocompomised individuals

Question 31

Role of spleen against infection

Answer 31

Protects from encapsulated bacteria

Question 32

Tetanus inhibition

Answer 32

GABA ang glycine

Question 33

Parvovirus

Answer 33

Common childhood infection transmitted from dogs. In pregnancy, causes hydrops fetalis due to severe anaemia causing cardiac failure

Question 34

Eye damage in HIV

Answer 34

Cytomegalovirus

Question 35

Tuberculosis presentation

Answer 35

Caesating granulomatous inflammation

Question 36

Infection transmitted from sheep

Answer 36

Echinococcus granulosus

Question 37

Infective carditis- causative agent

Answer 37

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 38

Causative agents of liver abscess

Answer 38

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 39

Most common cause of viral meningitis in adults

Answer 39

Enterovirus

Question 40

Measles presentation

Answer 40

Fever and white spots in cheeks which can progress to pneumonia

Question 41

Mechanism of action of E.Coli

Answer 41

Heat stabile toxin: Activates guanylayate cylase to increase cGMP levels Heat labile toxin: Increases intracelllar cAMP

Question 42

Bulls eye rash

Answer 42

Lyme disease

Question 43

Cause of toxic shock syndrome

Answer 43

Staphylcoccus aureus

Question 44

Acute epiglottitis

Answer 44

High fever, sore throat and sitting leaning forward caused by haemophilius influenzae.

Question 45

Traveller's diarrhoea

Answer 45

3 episodes of diarrhoea shortly after travel

Question 46

Type of bacteria in the gut

Answer 46

Gram negative baccilli

Question 47

Post-transplant infection 4-6 weeks after

Answer 47

Cytomegalovirus

Question 48

Post transplant infection 6 months later

Answer 48

Epstein-Barr virus

Question 49

Pseudomonas aeuroginosa

Answer 49

Gram negative bacilli which causes otitis externa, osteomyelitis and pneumonia. It inhibits elongation factor and causes lower respiratory tract infections with cystic fibrosis.

Question 50

Campylobacter jejuni

Answer 50

Most common infectious intestinal illness. Gram negative curved rod which is found in undercooked food or unpasteurised milk and causes bloody diarrhoea most commonly in children. It causes abdominal pain that is similar to appendicitis and headache but NO fever.

Question 51

E.Coli symptoms

Answer 51

Symptoms present 12-48 hrs after exposure, from undercooked meat.

Question 52

What causes post-splenectomy sepsis?

Answer 52

Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilius influenza