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Year 2 > Infections > Flashcards

Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Common bacteria in the respiratory tract

A

Staphylcoccus aureus which is commensal found in the skin and respiratory tract. Causes skin infection, respiratory infection, osteomyelitis and gastroenteritis

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2
Q

Bacteria in the GIT

A

Clostridium dificile which is transmitted faeco-oral route. It is a spore forming and forms enterotoxin and cytotoxin to cause diarrhea, dehydration and abdominal pain. It can also be caused by use of antibiotics.

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3
Q

Bacteria in lower GI tract

A

Ecoli which causes gastroenteritis, UTI and neonatal meningitis. It can lead to haemolytic uremic syndrome.

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4
Q

Features of E.Coli

A

Gram negative Bacilli, catalase positive and oxidative negative.

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5
Q

What is streptococcus pneumoniae features?

A

Gram positive, alpha-haemolytic and catalase negative.

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6
Q

What is haemolytic uremic syndrome?

A

Blood disorder small blood vessels become damaged and inflamed to cause low RBC, platelets and AKI.

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7
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

Contains flagella to penetrate stomach lining and cause ulcers, stomach adenocarcinoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma

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8
Q

Common cause of gastroenteritis

A

Norovirus

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9
Q

Common cause of bronchiolitis

A

RSV

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10
Q

Tapeworm which uses sheep as an intermediate host

A

Echinococcus granulosus

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11
Q

River blindness

A

Onchocerca volvulus

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12
Q

Dengue fever

A

Transmitted by Aedes mosquito with fever and maculopapular rash.

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13
Q

Hepatitis viruses transmitted faeco-oral

A

Hep A and Hep E

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14
Q

Cause of Meningitis in infants

A

Group B streptococci

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15
Q

Cause of viral meningitis in elderly

A

Enterovirus

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16
Q

Cellulitis

A

Infection to the deeper dermis and subcutaneous tissues

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17
Q

Cause of cellulitis

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes

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18
Q

Infection with a long incubation period

A

14-16 days- varicella zoster

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19
Q

Mechanism of vibrio cholerae

A

Activates adenylate cyclase which increase cAMP levels

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20
Q

Effect of congenital syphyllis

A

Spaced teeth

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21
Q

Adverse effect of vancomycin

A

Nephrotoxicity

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22
Q

Scarlett fever

A

Sandpaper skin rash, bumpy red tongue, sore throat and fever caused by streptococcus pyogenes. Can progress to poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.

23
Q

Cause of toxic shock syndrome

A

Staphylcoccus aureus

24
Q

Presentation of meningitis

A

Stiff neck and photophobia with rash over face and torso.

25
Q

Most common complication of meningitis

A

Sensineural deafness

26
Q

Whooping cough

A

Caused by bordatella pertussis which activates Gs protein to increase intracellular cAMP levels. Symptoms begin as the common cold and progress to vomiting

27
Q

Most common cause for common cold

A

Rhinovirus

28
Q

Measles presentatio

A

Maculopapular rash

29
Q

Bacterium culture containing beta-lactamase- antibiotic resistance

A

Pencillin antibiotics

30
Q

Scattered crackles and no focal consolidation

A

Pneumocystitis jirovecci present in immunocompomised individuals

31
Q

Role of spleen against infection

A

Protects from encapsulated bacteria

32
Q

Tetanus inhibition

A

GABA ang glycine

33
Q

Parvovirus

A

Common childhood infection transmitted from dogs. In pregnancy, causes hydrops fetalis due to severe anaemia causing cardiac failure

34
Q

Eye damage in HIV

A

Cytomegalovirus

35
Q

Tuberculosis presentation

A

Caesating granulomatous inflammation

36
Q

Infection transmitted from sheep

A

Echinococcus granulosus

37
Q

Infective carditis- causative agent

A

Staphylococcus aureus

38
Q

Causative agents of liver abscess

A

Entamoeba histolytica

39
Q

Most common cause of viral meningitis in adults

A

Enterovirus

40
Q

Measles presentation

A

Fever and white spots in cheeks which can progress to pneumonia

41
Q

Mechanism of action of E.Coli

A

Heat stabile toxin: Activates guanylayate cylase to increase cGMP levels

Heat labile toxin: Increases intracelllar cAMP

42
Q

Bulls eye rash

A

Lyme disease

43
Q

Cause of toxic shock syndrome

A

Staphylcoccus aureus

44
Q

Acute epiglottitis

A

High fever, sore throat and sitting leaning forward caused by haemophilius influenzae.

45
Q

Traveller’s diarrhoea

A

3 episodes of diarrhoea shortly after travel

46
Q

Type of bacteria in the gut

A

Gram negative baccilli

47
Q

Post-transplant infection 4-6 weeks after

A

Cytomegalovirus

48
Q

Post transplant infection 6 months later

A

Epstein-Barr virus

49
Q

Pseudomonas aeuroginosa

A

Gram negative bacilli which causes otitis externa, osteomyelitis and pneumonia. It inhibits elongation factor and causes lower respiratory tract infections with cystic fibrosis.

50
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A

Most common infectious intestinal illness. Gram negative curved rod which is found in undercooked food or unpasteurised milk and causes bloody diarrhoea most commonly in children. It causes abdominal pain that is similar to appendicitis and headache but NO fever.

51
Q

E.Coli symptoms

A

Symptoms present 12-48 hrs after exposure, from undercooked meat.

52
Q

What causes post-splenectomy sepsis?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilius influenza

53
Q
A

Year 2 (247 decks)

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