Block 9 Formative Feedback Flashcards
Dengue fever
Closely related to malaria, greatest incidence in the tropics transmitted via biting insects.
How is papilloma virus transmitted?
Skin contact and inanimate objects
Rotavirus
Most common cause of severe diarrhoea in children, with faeco-oral transmission.
What is the cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma?
Human Herpes Virus 8
What type of disease is caused by Epstein-Barr virus?
Burkitt’s lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
2-3 week incubation period, through saliva
Rubella
German measles Viral illness which causes a macular rash, lymphadenopathy and joint pain.
Lyme disease
Transmitted via ticks which presents as a red erythema migrans rash of a bullseye which expands.
Hodgkin’s disease
Cancer of the lymphatic system, characterised by Reed-Sternberg lymphocytes. It can occur in the upper body and neck
What is a Reed Sternberg lymphocytes?
Large abnormal lymphocytes which are a hallmark of Hodgkin’s lymphoma and multiple nuclei
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Cancer cells of the lymph nodes which is more common and can arise anywhere in the body
Risk of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Elderly male that are immunocompromised
Virchow’s node
Left supraclavicular lymph node which indicates gastrointestinal malignancy.
Entamoeba histolytica
Parasite which causes dysentery and liver abscess
Which vaccine is given to pregnant women at risk?
4 in 1 vaccine: Diptheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio
What vaccine is provided to infants?
6 in 1 vaccine for diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Hep B and hameophilius influenzae type B
This is at 8 weeks old
12 weeks old
16 weeks old
Purpose of Breast cancer screening
Detect cancer at early stage using X-rays when they are too small to see
Bowel cancer screening
Faecal immunochemical test to detect bowel cancer via faecal calprotectin
What cancer excluding lung cancer is caused by occupational exposure?
Working with industrial chemicals and dyes increases risk of bladder cancer.
Oral contraceptives reduce risk of…
Ovarian cancer
Common consequence of aneurysm
Local thrombosis
Mycobacterial infections
Cell wall is thicker
Central cyanosis
Sign of severe respiratory failure which affects the tongue and lips
Fibrinous pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura which can occur due to penumonia
Polymorph leukocytosis
Increased levels of WBC due to infection
How is oestrogen formed from androgen?
Action of aromatase from androgen-> oestrogen
Plasma protein electrophoresis
Separates proteins based on electrical charge to detect M proteins for myeloma. Implicated by B cells
Treatment of systemic anti-fungal infection
Fluconazole
Component of fungi cell membrane
Chitin
Feature of breast cancerous lump
Skin tethering
What is Virchow’s node?
Enlargement of the left supraclavicular lymph node which indicates gastric cancer.
Which parasite causes dysentery and liver abscess?
Entamoeba histolytica
What is the cause of rubor?
Redness due to hyperaemia
What is tumor in inflammation?
Swelling due to fluid exudation and hyperaemia
What is dolor?
Pain due to bradykinina and prostaglandin.
What is the most common cause of embolism?
Thrombus
How is negative sense RNA replicated?
Transcribed using viral polymerase into a positive sense RNA, which is a type of mRNA that can immediately undergo translation.
Which viruses perform transcription?
DNA viruses such as herpes, adenovirus, Hep b
Which anti-fungal is used for UTI infections with renal insufficiency?
Fluconazole for uTI caused by candida albicans
What does active vaccination promote?
Memory cell production
What causes symmetrical scaly plaques?
Psoriasis
