Psychological Considerations Of Cardiac + Respiratory Disease Flashcards
What are the emotional risk factors for cardiac disease?
Anxiety- mimics heart palpitations
Depression
Anger/hostility
Stress
Grief
What are the chronic stressors that contribute to cardiac mortality?
Work or Marital stress
Caregiver strain
Lack of social support
What is the pathophysiology of stress?
Hypothalamus secretes adrenocorticotropin hormone to act on the adrenal medulla to release cortisol. This results in inflammation, gluconeongenesis and glycogenolysis so there is a high blood glucose. There is higher cardiovascular tone and hypertension which damages the small vessels in the heart, with a lower bone density and central obesity.
What is the primary appraisal of stress?
Assessment of the situation to determine if it poses a threat and any benefits.
What is the secondary appraisal of stress?
Assessment of your own coping strategies for dealing with stress, based on finances, social support and psychological resources.
What is disability?
A mental or physical impairment which impacts on interaction with social environment, such as activities of daily living.
What is impairment?
Restriction of ability in the range that is considered standard
What is the grief response model?
Grief
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Acceptance
What is the dual process model?
Holistic approach to grief which divides coping with loss into two domains:
Restoration orientated: the stressors of taking on tasks that the deceased person once did such as childcare
Loss orientated: the emotional part of grief such as yearning, depression and numbness.
In this model, an individual is expected to oscillate between facing and avoiding the loss.
What is cardiac neurosis?
Heart complaints with no organic cause, typically occurring due to anxiety disorders. They are typically treated with beta-adrenergic blockers to dampen the sympathetic nervous system response.
->There is dyspnoea, fatigue, rapid pulse, palpitations and chest pain- these can occur with exertion and occur due to emotional strain or exhaustion.
How should cardiac neurosis be managed?
Psychological assessment
Regular appointments with the same physician
Education of condition
Review of lifestyle factors
What is clinical sequelae?
Pathological condition that occurs due to an injury, disease or condition.
What is psychological sequelae?
Mental condition that occurs due to injury, disease or event.
What are the risk factors for psychological sequelae?
Pre-existing psychopathology
The patient’s locus of control—> either internal or external
Self-efficacy
Social support
What are important aspects of rehabilitation?
Important for patients to address and understand their clinical symptoms and misconceptions
Ongoing education about condition
Lifestyle changes
Promote return to their routine
Provide informal psychological assessment
