Anatomy of the kidney Flashcards
Which level are the kidneys located?
Retroperitoneal organs located at T12 to L3.
Right kidney is at a lower position than the left kidney due to the liver
What is an anatomical landmark that crosses the kidney?
Transpyloric plane located at L1, it crosses the hilum of Left kidney and superior pole of Right kidney.
What level does the kidney end?
T12 to L3
What are the coverings of the kidney?
Surrounded by:
Fibrous capsule
Adipose tissue which is thicker posteriorly
Renal fascia anteriorly and posteriorly
What are the branches of the renal artery?
Segmental artery
Anterior superior artery
Anterior inferior artery
Inferior segmental artery
Posterior segmental artery.
What is the blood supply to apical kidney?
Segmental artery
What is the blood supply to
What drains urine into the renal pelvis?
Major and minor calyxes. At the end of the minor calcyxes is the renal papilla.
What are the structures posterior to the kidney?
Psoas muscle
Diaphragm
Quadratus lumborum
Which structures are related anteriorly to RIGHT kidney?
Hepatic flexure
Descending duodenum
Which structures are related anteriorly to LEFTint kidney?
Splenic flexure
Spleen
Pancreas
Stomach
What is the venous drainage of the kidney?
From Peritubular capillaries:
Interlobular vein
Interarcuate vein
Interlobar vein
Renal vein
IVC
What is the difference between arterial and venous supply to the kidney?
There is NO segmental vein.
Which renal vein gives off important branches?
Left renal vein gives off :
Left suprarenal vein
Left gonadal vein
The left renal vein has the superior mesenteric artery that branches off, and issues with SMA can cause constriction.
What are the constrictions of the ureter?
Renal pelvis
Pelvic brim at the bifurcation of the common iliac artery
Entry into bladder
How does the ureter enter the pelvis?
At the bifurcation of the common iliac artery, posteriorly and inferior over the pelvic brim to course into the bladder.
What is the relatio of the ureter to the uterine artery?
Passes below uterine artery
(WATER UNDER THE BRIDGE)
What are the pouches from bladder to anus in men?
Single pouch called the Recto-vesicular pouch between the bladder and anus
What is the epithelia of the prostatic urethra?
Transitional epithelium.
What is the epithelia of the membranous urethra?
Stratified columnar epithelium
AND
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Membranous urethra is surrounded by the external urethra.
What is the epithelia of the spongy urethra?
Stratified squamous epithelia
What are the pouches from bladder to anus in women?
Vesico-uterine pouch
Rectouterine pouch
What is the blood supply to the bladder?
Superior vesicular artery, a branch of the internal iliac artery.
What is the venous drainage to the bladder?
What is the sympathetic innervation to the bladder?
Hypogastric plexus from T12 to L2 which causes contraction of internal urethral sphincter.
What is the parasympathetic innnervation to the bladder?
S2-S4 region from the pelvic splanchnic nerve and the inferior hypogastric plexus for relaxation of urethral sphincter.
What is the voluntary control of the bladder?
Somatic innervation is the pudendal nerve from S2-S4.
What is the pain innervation to the bladder?
Superior portion is supplied by sympathetic nerve plexus from T11-L2
What is the pain innervation to the bladder from L3?
Parasympathetic innervation
What is the urachus?
Aka median umbilical ligament which is a remnant of the umbilical cord, located on bladder apex.
