Child health-patterns of inequalities

Question 1

What are the determinants of child health?

Answer 1

Household income, housing, environment and education.

Question 2

What are the risk factors for poor child health?

Answer 2

Poverty
Young carers
Exposure to violence increases risk of smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and excess consumption of fast food
Children in care

Question 3

What is the most common childhood chronic condition?

Answer 3

Asthma which has the highest prevalence in the UK compared to UK, along with emergency admissions and death rates, worse in deprived areas.

Question 4

What increases risk of childhood obesity?

Answer 4

Obese parents
Deprived area
Low income household

Question 5

What is the most common period of death in childhood?

Answer 5

First 28 days due to pre-term delivery, premature birth or congenital abnormalities

Question 6

Why has the cause of death in childhood changed?

Answer 6

Rising standards of living, vaccination and better healthcare access

Question 7

Leading cause of unpreventable death in childhood?

Answer 7

Cancer

Question 8

Leading cause of preventable death in childhood?

Answer 8

Unintentional injuries in children under 5 years old.

Question 9

Leading cause of death in young people?

Answer 9

Self harm/suicide and drug misuse
Traffic accidents

Question 10

What caused a rise in trend of infant mortality?

Answer 10

Deaths at 0-6 days of life.

Question 11

What increases risk of infant mortality?

Answer 11

Deprived areas
Black ethnic group has highest, followed by Asian ethnic group

Question 12

Interventions for better child health outcomes?

Answer 12

Targeting smoking prevention in pregnant women, which is greater in white women in deprived areas
Increasing breastfeeding
Targeting childhood obesity
Vaccinations and immunisations

Question 13

What is the epidemiology of breastfeeding?

Answer 13

Older women in least deprived areas are more likely to breastfeed, with white women being least likely ethnic group.

Question 14

What are the outcomes for childhood obesity?

Answer 14

Pre-diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, bone and joint issues to continue into adulthood
Poor psychological and emotional health due to bullying
-> Childhood obesity is more likely in deprived areas

Question 15

Which vaccinations are important in childhood?

Answer 15

Measles, rotavirus, meningococcal B