Intro To Ethical Reasoning Flashcards
What is a valid ethical argument?
A conclusion can be drawn logically from the premises, whether or not the premise of the argument is true.
What is a sound argument?
An argument where the premises are true and valid based on if the a conclusion is drawn that logically follows the premises and is true.
How can a premise be considered false?
Uses a controversial or false moral premise
Uses a controversial or false empirical premise
NB: empirical means fact.
What is ad hominem fallacy?
The logical fallacy that an argument is invalid based on the personal details of the one delivering it.
What is the ‘arguing from authority’ fallacy?
A logical fallacy that an argument must be true if a figure of authority, such as an academic author or politician claims that it is. Even if experts with experience in the field state it, that only makes it more likely to be true than not.
What is the ‘strawman’s’ fallacy?
A logical fallacy where someone exaggerates/distorts an argument and attacks the distorted version.
What is ‘begging the question’ fallacy?
A logical fallacy which is a form of circular reasoning, where the premise of the argument assumes the truth of the conclusion.
E.g using the source being questioned as evidence of the truth, rather than answering if it is valid.
What is inductive reasoning?
Making a generalised conclusion from a body of observations.
What is deductive reasoning?
Logical process where a very specific, guaranteed conclusion is drawn from a general idea.
What is inductive reasoning?
Logical reasonings that make generalised conclusions of something being likely, based on facts or observations.
