Harvluck B9 W5

Question 1

Temperature for conscious intelligence

Question 2

Component in sweat for body odour

Answer 2

Urea

Question 3

Types of psoriasis

Answer 3

Chronic plaque which is most common
Guttate (raindrop)
Seborrhoeic such as nasolabial and retroaurical
Flexural
Pustural palmar-plantar

Question 4

Koebner effect

Answer 4

Linear eruption at the site of trauma phenomenon

Question 5

Psoriasis

Answer 5

Inflammatory condition due to hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and inflammatory cell infiltration

Question 6

Complications of erythroderma

Answer 6

Cardiac failure, and capillary leak syndrome, fluid and electrolyte loss and secondary infection

Question 7

Internal signalling of cells

Answer 7

Cells scan for damage to DNA and subsequently activate ATM and ATR

Question 8

Piloerection

Answer 8

Erector pili muscles receive sympathetic input to cause hair to stand on end and create pocket of air between skin to act as insulator

Question 9

External signalling

Answer 9

Growth factors, receptors, Signal transduction proteins, DNA bInding proteins such as transcription factors

Question 10

Causes of pyrexia of unknown origin

Answer 10

Infection, blood transfusion, hypothalamic insult, pyrogens, malignancy

Question 11

Colorectal cancer

Answer 11

Adenoma due to mutation of K-RAS
Carcinoma due to mutation of p53 and DCC
Cumulative mutations result in tissue invasion

Question 12

How do drugs affect thermoregulation?

Answer 12

Drugs like ectasy cause hyperthermia because it activates muscle activity for shivering action

Question 13

Guttate psoriasis

Answer 13

Red, scaly raindrop shaped spots

Question 14

Changes associated with pyrexia

Answer 14

Hypothalamus increases temperature set point, shivering, piloerection, increase in adrenaline. After a period of time, hypothalamus decreases set point so sweating and vasodilation occurs and resets cycle.

Question 15

Temperature for enzyme denaturing?

Answer 15

45 degrees

Question 16

How is hypothermia treated?

Answer 16

Warming the body by
Aluminium foil blanket, warm air blanket and prevent gangrene via use of cardiovascular bypass machine.

Question 17

What is a cardiovascular bypass machine?

Answer 17

Machine which mechanically circulates oxygenated blood in patients without entering the heart and lungs

Question 18

How is heat generated in pyrexia?

Answer 18

Prostaglandins which produce the endogenous pyrogens that interact with the hypothalamus

Question 19

Caretaker proteins

Answer 19

Maintained genetic stability such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 involved in DNA repair but are not involved in cell proliferation

Question 20

Temperature for hyperthermia

Answer 20

Above 38 degrees

Question 21

Nodular melanoma

Answer 21

Present in trunks and legs of younger people due to UV exposure

Question 22

Hypothermia causes

Answer 22

Hypothyroidism
Behaviour
Dermatological

Question 23

Paradoxical increased flow

Answer 23

Occurs due to vasoconstriction which leads to ischaemia. This induces vasodilation.

Question 24

Eruption on the skin

Answer 24

Rash

Question 25

Oncholysis

Answer 25

Separation of nail from nail bed- spooning and lifting

Question 26

Seborrheic psoriasis

Answer 26

Psoriasis in the folds of the body such as nasolabial and retroauricular

Question 27

Role of puma protein

Answer 27

Induces apoptotic signals into mitochondria via inhibition of BCL2 proto-oncogene which promotes cell proliferation

Question 28

Urticuria

Answer 28

Type 1 hypersensitivity where there is elevated patches such as hives

Question 29

Warts

Answer 29

Skin tumours due to a virus

Question 30

How is pyrexia treated?

Answer 30

NSAIDS

Question 31

What features should be checked in dermatological exams aside from skin?

Answer 31

Nails, scalp and hair, mucous membranes

Question 32

Bulla vs vesicle

Answer 32

Vesicle is a small fluid-filled blister. Bulla is a large fluid-filled blister.

Question 33

BCL2

Answer 33

Prevents apoptosis. In order for cell apoptosis to occur, p53 activates puma protein

Question 34

Clinical signs of hyperthermia

Answer 34

Confusion, seizures, coma and cardiovascular collapse

Question 35

p53 acts as transcription factor for...

Answer 35

p21- it inhibits CDK-cyclin

Question 36

Clinical signs of hypothermia

Answer 36

Confusion, coma and cardiovascular collapse

Question 37

Purpura

Answer 37

Non-blanchable red or purple rashes

Question 38

Oncogene for breast and ovarian cancer

Answer 38

ERBB2 which is a growth factor receptor

Question 39

Weal

Answer 39

Lesions due to oedema

Question 40

Superficial spreading melanoma

Answer 40

Common on the lower limbs of younger people due to intermittent high UV exposure

Question 41

Where does psoriasis occur?

Answer 41

Behind ears, on fingers and body and arms

Question 42

Which part of the brain is involved in temperature regulation?

Answer 42

Anterior hypothalamus

Question 43

Time taken for blood marrow precursors to divide

Answer 43

12 hrs

Question 44

Groups which struggle to control their body temp

Answer 44

Babies and old people

Question 45

Time taken for skin cells to divide

Answer 45

5 days

Question 46

Inactivating mutation

Answer 46

Mutations that occur to tumour repressor genes

Question 47

Litres of sweat if acclimatisation has occurred

Answer 47

2 litres

Question 48

MDM

Answer 48

p53 phosphorylates MDM to cause cell degradation

Question 49

When is a fever harmful?

Answer 49

Head-injury, post-cardiac arrest

Question 50

Erythasma

Answer 50

Infection of the skin folds by cornyebacterium which presents as scaling and plaques.

Question 51

Panting

Answer 51

Shallow breaths to lose heat

Question 52

Gap 1

Answer 52

No visible changes but increases cell proteins and DNA machinery

Question 53

Nodular basal cell carcinoma

Answer 53

Small papule with surface telangiectasia and necrotic and ulcerated centre

Question 54

Pustular psoriasis

Answer 54

Psoriasis which is palmar-plantar

Question 55

Inflammatory lesions in acne

Answer 55

Pustules and papules

Question 56

Non-inflammatory lesions

Answer 56

Open and closed comedones

Question 57

Petechia

Answer 57

Small pinpoint macules