Harvluck B9 W5 Flashcards
Temperature for conscious intelligence
Component in sweat for body odour
Urea
Types of psoriasis
Chronic plaque which is most common
Guttate (raindrop)
Seborrhoeic such as nasolabial and retroaurical
Flexural
Pustural palmar-plantar
Koebner effect
Linear eruption at the site of trauma phenomenon
Psoriasis
Inflammatory condition due to hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and inflammatory cell infiltration
Complications of erythroderma
Cardiac failure, and capillary leak syndrome, fluid and electrolyte loss and secondary infection
Internal signalling of cells
Cells scan for damage to DNA and subsequently activate ATM and ATR
Piloerection
Erector pili muscles receive sympathetic input to cause hair to stand on end and create pocket of air between skin to act as insulator
External signalling
Growth factors, receptors, Signal transduction proteins, DNA bInding proteins such as transcription factors
Causes of pyrexia of unknown origin
Infection, blood transfusion, hypothalamic insult, pyrogens, malignancy
Colorectal cancer
Adenoma due to mutation of K-RAS
Carcinoma due to mutation of p53 and DCC
Cumulative mutations result in tissue invasion
How do drugs affect thermoregulation?
Drugs like ectasy cause hyperthermia because it activates muscle activity for shivering action
Guttate psoriasis
Red, scaly raindrop shaped spots
Changes associated with pyrexia
Hypothalamus increases temperature set point, shivering, piloerection, increase in adrenaline. After a period of time, hypothalamus decreases set point so sweating and vasodilation occurs and resets cycle.
Temperature for enzyme denaturing?
45 degrees
How is hypothermia treated?
Warming the body by
Aluminium foil blanket, warm air blanket and prevent gangrene via use of cardiovascular bypass machine.
What is a cardiovascular bypass machine?
Machine which mechanically circulates oxygenated blood in patients without entering the heart and lungs
How is heat generated in pyrexia?
Prostaglandins which produce the endogenous pyrogens that interact with the hypothalamus
Caretaker proteins
Maintained genetic stability such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 involved in DNA repair but are not involved in cell proliferation
Temperature for hyperthermia
Above 38 degrees
Nodular melanoma
Present in trunks and legs of younger people due to UV exposure
Hypothermia causes
Hypothyroidism
Behaviour
Dermatological
Paradoxical increased flow
Occurs due to vasoconstriction which leads to ischaemia. This induces vasodilation.
Eruption on the skin
Rash
Oncholysis
Separation of nail from nail bed- spooning and lifting
Seborrheic psoriasis
Psoriasis in the folds of the body such as nasolabial and retroauricular
Role of puma protein
Induces apoptotic signals into mitochondria via inhibition of BCL2 proto-oncogene which promotes cell proliferation
Urticuria
Type 1 hypersensitivity where there is elevated patches such as hives
Warts
Skin tumours due to a virus
How is pyrexia treated?
NSAIDS
What features should be checked in dermatological exams aside from skin?
Nails, scalp and hair, mucous membranes
Bulla vs vesicle
Vesicle is a small fluid-filled blister. Bulla is a large fluid-filled blister.
BCL2
Prevents apoptosis. In order for cell apoptosis to occur, p53 activates puma protein
Clinical signs of hyperthermia
Confusion, seizures, coma and cardiovascular collapse
p53 acts as transcription factor for…
p21- it inhibits CDK-cyclin
Clinical signs of hypothermia
Confusion, coma and cardiovascular collapse
Purpura
Non-blanchable red or purple rashes
Oncogene for breast and ovarian cancer
ERBB2 which is a growth factor receptor
Weal
Lesions due to oedema
Superficial spreading melanoma
Common on the lower limbs of younger people due to intermittent high UV exposure
Where does psoriasis occur?
Behind ears, on fingers and body and arms
Which part of the brain is involved in temperature regulation?
Anterior hypothalamus
Time taken for blood marrow precursors to divide
12 hrs
Groups which struggle to control their body temp
Babies and old people
Time taken for skin cells to divide
5 days
Inactivating mutation
Mutations that occur to tumour repressor genes
Litres of sweat if acclimatisation has occurred
2 litres
MDM
p53 phosphorylates MDM to cause cell degradation
When is a fever harmful?
Head-injury, post-cardiac arrest
Erythasma
Infection of the skin folds by cornyebacterium which presents as scaling and plaques.
Panting
Shallow breaths to lose heat
Gap 1
No visible changes but increases cell proteins and DNA machinery
Nodular basal cell carcinoma
Small papule with surface telangiectasia and necrotic and ulcerated centre
Pustular psoriasis
Psoriasis which is palmar-plantar
Inflammatory lesions in acne
Pustules and papules
Non-inflammatory lesions
Open and closed comedones
Petechia
Small pinpoint macules
