Harvluck B10 W2 Flashcards

1
Q

Renal cell carcinoma- types

A

Clear cell
Papillary
Chromophobe
Oncocytic
Collecting duct

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2
Q

Causes of pelvic-ureteric junction obstruction

A

Crossing of vessels

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3
Q

Normal eGFR

A

Greater than 90

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4
Q

Effect of kidney disease on electrolyte levels

A

Hypocalcaemia
Hyperphosphataemia
Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia

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5
Q

Which antibiotic should not be used in UTI?

A

Amoxicillin

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6
Q

Progression of perfusion failure

A

Acute tubular necrosis

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7
Q

Effect of cancer therapy on urinary tract

A

Radiation therapy results in irritation and causes bladder cancer

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8
Q

Functional abnormalities of kidney that lead to UTI

A

Reflux of urine, stagnant urine, residual urine

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9
Q

Hypocalcaemia effects

A

Cardiac arrythmia, muscle spasms, paraesthesia

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10
Q

Intrinsic risk factors for urinary stone

A

Malabsorption such as Crohn’s disease
Neurological disease of the spinal cord
UTI
Genetic

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11
Q

Extrinsic risk factors for Urinary stone

A

Seasonal-hotter months, diet high in salt, low in water, Geography

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12
Q

Medications for AKI risk

A

Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, NSAIDS, gentamycin, vancomycin and chemotherapy

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13
Q

Function of PSA

A

Liquify seminal coagulum in ejaculate for fertilisation

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14
Q

Urethral syndrome

A

Irritation of urethra

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15
Q

Causes of chemical cystitis

A

Ketamine, BCG

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16
Q

Which type of kidney disease is found in screening?

17
Q

Pregnancy and UTI

A

Gestational glycosuria
Dilated ureters
Incomplete bladder emptying

18
Q

Kidney function in abnormal creatinine

19
Q

Risk factors for penile cancer

A

Poor hygiene, smoking and HPV

20
Q

Lymphatic spread of prostatic cancer

A

Obturator, iliac and para-aortic lymph node

21
Q

Cause of false positives with high PSA

A

Prostatis, BPH

22
Q

Leukocyte esterase-falsely negative

23
Q

Toxin produced by E.Coli

A

Alpha haemolysin

24
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Swelling of the kidney caused by loss of filtering tissue

25
Presence of epithelial cells in urine
Contamination
26
Infections causing acute kidney injury
HIV and endocarditis
27
Urethral syndrome
Idiopathic aetiology where there is irritation of the urethra. Caused by low bacteria count, STI, non-infective inflammation.
28
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Spread hematogenous and causes chest infection and result in upper UTI in the kidney.
29
Urolithiasis
Stones in urinary tract
30
Effect of hyperphosphatemia
Bone abnormalities and CVD risk
31
Why are nitrites are falsely negative?
Bacteria which are nitrite negative Low bacteria number
32
Leukocyte esterase
Patients who take antibiotic, glycosuria
33