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Year 2 > Harvluck B10 W1 > Flashcards

Harvluck B10 W1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which drug causes metabolic acidosis?

A

Aspirin overdose

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2
Q

Tachypnoea

A

Rapid breathing- in kidney examination, indicates pulmonary oedema

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3
Q

pH range of blood

A

7.34 -7.38

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4
Q

Bradypnoea in kidney examination

A

Uraemia that leads to encephalopathy and opioid toxicity.

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5
Q

Why does bradypnoea occur?

A

Reduced GFR so oedema occurs and there is water accumulation in the lungs

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6
Q

Production of ADH hormone

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

Continuous curve of drug

A

IV dosage

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8
Q

Effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

Loss of H+ in urine and retention of sodium

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9
Q

Buffers to ph change in body

A

Intracellular proteins
Haemoglobin
EC fluid containing HCO3-

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10
Q

Angiotensinogen production

A

Liver

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11
Q

Kussmaul breathing

A

Gasping, laboured breathing in respiratory acidosis

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12
Q

Glucocorticoids effect on the kidney

A

Increases Na+ reabsorption and reduces urine output

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13
Q

Location of Na-K-Cl cotransporter

A

Basolateral membrane of Loop of Henle
DCT

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14
Q

Most abundant cation in blood plasma

A

Na+

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15
Q

Most abundant anion in blood plasma

A

Cl-

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16
Q

Most abundant cation in intracellular fluid

A

K+

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17
Q

Most abundant anion in the interstitial fluid

A

Cl-

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18
Q

Most abundant cation in the interstitial fluid

A

Na+

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19
Q

Most abundant anion in intracellular fluid

A

HCO3-

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20
Q

Groups susceptible to acid-base imbalance

A

Infants and elderly

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21
Q

Which cells conserve K+?

A
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22
Q

Effect of fever on acidosis/alkalosis?

A

Causes respiratory alkalosis due to increased respiratory drive

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23
Q

Low blood pressure in kidney examination

A

Sepsis

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24
Q

Sediment in urine

A

Infection
Vesico-colic fistula

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25
Change in haemoglobin levels
Chronic renal impairment
26
90% of ion is reabsorbed in PCT
K+
27
Natural diuretics
Melons, leafy greens, dandelion leaves, cucumbers
28
Respiratory acidosis
Depression of respiratory centre due to drugs/narcotics Restrictive or obstructive lung diseases such as emphysema
29
High blood pressure in kidney examination
Fluid overload
30
Avoid use of K+ sparing diuretics with?
ACE inhibitors: worsens hyperkalemia
31
Steady state in IV dosage
Occurs after 4 tries
32
How is urine concentrated?
Reabsorption of solutes
33
Glucose and amino acid reabsorption mechanism
Secondary active transport: facillitated diffusion
34
Pericardial rub in examination
Pericarditis (inflammation of heart lining) which occurs in kidney failure due to uraemia
35
Reabsorption of Ca2+
DCT via Na+-Cl antiporter
36
Effect of hydration on filtrate
Reduced osmolarity because of high water conc and lower Na+ conc
37
Effect of dehydration on filtrate
increased osmolarity because of low water conc and higher Na+ conc
38
Effect of oestrogen on kidney
Increase sodium reabsorption and reduce urine output
39
Osmotic diuretics use
Decrease intracranial pressure, intraocular pressure
40
Pain in kidney disease
Loin pain, suprapubic pain, ureteric colic pain
41
Bicarbonate in pH changes
pH low: production of new bicarbonate pH high- excreted into urine
42
How is hydrogen ion excreted in the urine?
Forms dihydrogen phosphate i phosphate buffer system
43
Hormone released from adrenal cortex
Glucocorticoids
44
Cloudiness of urine
Excess WBC due to infection
45
Which kidney vessel has completely filtered blood?
Renal vein
46
Paracellular diffusion of ions
Magnesium, calcium, K+, Cl-
47
Progesterone effect on kidney
Decreased Na+ reabsorption and increased urinary output
48
Water reabsorption
Descending loop of Henle and collecting duct
49
Passive paracellular diffusion in ascending loop of Henle
Calcium and magnesium
50
Base in phosphate buffer system
Hydrogen phosphate ion
51
Medications important in renal history
NSAIDS, antibiotics, diuretics, antihypertensives
52
Increased kidney size- causes
53
What prevents movement of plasma proteins in glomerular filtration?
Podocytes
54
Juxtamedullary nephrons
Long loop and glomerulus closer to cortex-medullary junction and efferent arteriole supplies vasa recta
55
What is used to detect protein in urine?
Bromphenol blue which is albumin sensitivie
56
Muscle cramps in kidney disease
57
Secretion of cations in PCT
H+ antiporter
58
Histology of Loop of Henle
Simple cuboidal epithelia
59
Endogenous organic anions secreted in PCT
Urate, bile salts and ketoacids
60
Principal cells
Cells involved in sodium-water balance which secretes K+ into filtrate
61
The pH in blood vessels
Acidic pH in veins and alkaline pH in arteries
62
Exogenous anions
Penicillin, cephalosporin and diuretic
63
Organic cations
Creatine and drugs such as trimethoprim, cimetidine and quinidine
64
Cortical nephron
Short loop, glomerulus further from the cortex-medulla. Efferent arteriole supplies peritubular capillaries
65
Respiratory acidosis
pH is acidic, with high pCO2 and high HCO3
66
How can bicarbonates be formed from?
Phosphate where H2CO3 splits and H+ combines with HPO4- while HCO3- is transported with teh CHO3-/Cl- transporter
67
pH for alkalosis
7.38-7.8
68
Sodium reabsorption in loop of Henle
25%
69
Percutaneous nerve stimulation is a treatment for...
Urinary incontinence and faecal incontinence
70
Intercalated cells
Hydrogen ATPase pumps which actively transport H+ into lumen for acid base homeostasis
71
Why is venous blood more acidic?
Carbonic acid
72
H+/ K+ ATPase pump
Located on DCT and collecting duct which mediates the movement for H+ out and K+ in.
73
Buffering capacity controlled by RBCs
5%
74
U and E
Test to detect blood abnormalities such as renal function

Year 2 (247 decks)

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