tetralogy_of_fallot_flashcards

1
Q

What is the management for severe Tetralogy of Fallot with worsening cyanosis?

A

Prostaglandin E1 infusion, Blalock-Taussig shunt (artificial tube between the subclavian artery and pulmonary artery).

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2
Q

What is the definitive treatment for Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Total surgical repair by open heart surgery, performed from 4 months of age onwards.

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3
Q

What does the definitive surgical treatment for Tetralogy of Fallot involve?

A

Closing the VSD and relieving right ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

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4
Q

What are hypercyanotic spells ‘tet spells’?

A

Intermittent symptomatic periods when the right to left shunt becomes temporarily worsened, either due to an increase in the pulmonary vascular resistance or a decrease in the systemic vascular resistance.

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5
Q

What is the initial management for hypercyanotic spells?

A

Place the patient in the knee-to-chest position, provide supplementary oxygen, and administer IV fluids.

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6
Q

What medications are used to manage hypercyanotic spells?

A

Beta blockers (relax the right ventricle and improve flow to the pulmonary vessels), morphine (decrease the respiratory drive), sodium bicarbonate (counteracts any metabolic acidosis), phenylephrine infusion (increase systemic vascular resistance).

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