flashcards_encephalitis
What should be done with all suspected cases of encephalitis?
All suspected cases of encephalitis should be admitted and treated as an emergency (A to E approach).
What is the empirical therapy for suspected viral encephalitis?
Suspected viral encephalitis is treated with IV aciclovir until the cause is determined.
What empirical antibiotics are often given for suspected bacterial encephalitis?
Vancomycin and cefotaxime.
What supportive care should be done in ICU for encephalitis?
Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, IV fluids, decrease intracranial pressure if elevated, deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis.
How is elevated intracranial pressure managed in encephalitis?
With corticosteroids and mannitol.
What is the treatment for HSV-1 and HSV-2 encephalitis?
High-dose IV aciclovir for 2-3 weeks.
What is the treatment for Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) encephalitis?
Aciclovir or ganciclovir.
What is the treatment for CMV encephalitis?
Ganciclovir plus foscarnet for 2-3 weeks.
What is the treatment for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encephalitis?
Aciclovir is first line in suspected viral encephalitis, but once the diagnosis of EBV encephalitis is confirmed, cidofovir is a possible alternative.
What corticosteroid is used for complications such as cerebral vasculitis in encephalitis?
Methylprednisolone.
What follow-up care is recommended after discharge from hospital for encephalitis patients?
Supportive, rehabilitation (cognitive and motor) and monitoring for at least 1 year after discharge, hearing evaluation at time or shortly after discharge.
