flashcards_nephrotic_syndrome

Question 1

What is the main cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?

Answer 1

Minimal change disease is the main cause in children.

Question 2

What is the initial treatment for nephrotic syndrome caused by minimal change disease?

Answer 2

Initially give oral steroids (60 mg/m2 per day of prednisolone).

Question 3

How should the dose of prednisolone be adjusted after the initial 4 weeks?

Answer 3

The dose should be reduced or given on alternate days for 4 weeks, then it should be weaned or stopped.

Question 4

What dietary recommendations are given for nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 4

Fluid restriction and a low-salt diet.

Question 5

What additional treatments may be needed for very advanced minimal change disease?

Answer 5

Albumin and furosemide may be needed.

Question 6

What should be done for children who don’t respond to corticosteroid therapy after 4-6 weeks or have atypical features?

Answer 6

They may need a renal biopsy.

Question 7

What medications are given to children with a more complex diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 7

Ciclosporin or tacrolimus and methylprednisolone.