Acute_Liver_Failure_Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first step in managing a child with acute liver failure?

A

Early referral to a national paediatric liver centre.

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2
Q

How should blood glucose levels be maintained in a child with acute liver failure?

A

Maintain blood glucose (> 4 mmol/L) with IV dextrose.

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3
Q

What is the approach to preventing sepsis in a child with acute liver failure?

A

Use broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungals.

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4
Q

How can haemorrhage be prevented in a child with acute liver failure?

A

Administer IV vitamin K and H2 antagonists/PPIs.

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5
Q

What measures can be taken to prevent cerebral oedema in a child with acute liver failure?

A

Fluid restriction and mannitol diuresis.

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6
Q

What is the role of neurological status monitoring in acute liver failure?

A

To assess for encephalopathy.

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7
Q

How is encephalopathy treated or prevented in acute liver failure?

A

Use lactulose to reduce ammonia.

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8
Q

What determines the management of acute liver failure?

A

Management is dependent on the suspected cause of acute liver failure.

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9
Q

What are some features of poor prognosis in acute liver failure?

A

Shrinking liver, rising bilirubin, falling transaminases, worsening coagulopathy, and coma.

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10
Q

What is the best marker for liver failure when assessing for liver transplantation?

A

Prothrombin time (PT).

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11
Q

How should the diagnosis of acute liver failure be explained to parents?

A

It is a condition with unknown cause that leads to inflammation of the bowel, causing symptoms.

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12
Q

How common is acute liver failure in children?

A

It isn’t common but is a well-known disease (1 in 420).

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13
Q

Is there a cure for acute liver failure?

A

There is no cure, and it tends to come and go in flare-ups.

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14
Q

How can flare-ups of acute liver failure be managed?

A

There are medications to reduce the likelihood of flare-ups and to treat them when they happen.

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15
Q

What are the potential complications of acute liver failure?

A

Growth issues and bowel cancer.

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16
Q

What support group is available for acute liver failure?

A

Crohn’s and Colitis UK.