Pneumonia_Flashcards
When should a child with pneumonia be immediately referred for hospital admission?
Refer immediately if there is persistent SpO2 < 92% on air, grunting, marked chest recession, RR > 60/min, cyanosis, child looks seriously unwell, does not wake or stay awake if roused, does not respond to normal social cues, or temperature > 38 degrees in a child < 3 months.
What should be done if a child’s SpO2 is persistently < 92% while awaiting hospital admission?
Give controlled supplemental oxygen if SpO2 persistently < 92%.
What is the general management approach for children with pneumonia who do not need hospital admission?
Most children can be managed at home with antibiotics, paracetamol or ibuprofen as antipyretics, and ensuring adequate hydration.
What is the first-line antibiotic for low to moderate severity pneumonia in children?
Amoxicillin is the first-line antibiotic for 5 days for low to moderate severity pneumonia.
What should be given if a child with pneumonia is allergic to penicillin?
Give clarithromycin if the child is allergic to penicillin.
When should macrolides be added to the treatment of pneumonia in children?
Macrolides can be added at any stage if there is no response to the first-line treatment.
What is the first-line antibiotic for high severity pneumonia in children?
Co-amoxiclav is the first-line antibiotic for high severity pneumonia.
What additional antibiotic should be added if an atypical organism is suspected in high severity pneumonia?
Add clarithromycin if an atypical organism is suspected.
What can be used as antipyretics for children with pneumonia?
Paracetamol or ibuprofen can be used as antipyretics.
What should parents do to ensure adequate hydration for a child with pneumonia?
Ensure the child keeps adequate hydration by drinking fluids regularly.
When should parents seek medical advice for a child with pneumonia being managed at home?
Seek medical advice if the child’s RR increases, dehydration occurs, or there is worsening of fever.
What should be done if a child with pneumonia requires hospital admission and cannot tolerate oral antibiotics?
If oral antibiotics are not tolerated, give IV antibiotics and review after 48 hours to consider switching to oral antibiotics.
How should the diagnosis of pneumonia be explained to parents?
Explain that pneumonia is a chest infection.
What should be explained to parents about the need for hospital admission for pneumonia?
Explain whether hospital admission is needed for the child’s pneumonia.
What treatment information should be provided to parents of a child with pneumonia?
Inform parents that the treatment for pneumonia includes antibiotics.
What advice should be given regarding the use of paracetamol for a child with pneumonia?
Advise that paracetamol can be used if the child is distressed.
What should be advised about fluid intake for a child with pneumonia?
Advise parents to ensure the child has adequate fluid intake.
What advice should be given to parents regarding smoking in the home with a child who has pneumonia?
Advise parents against smoking in the home with a child who has pneumonia.
How often should parents check on a child with pneumonia?
Check the child regularly during the day and night.
When should parents seek medical advice if their child’s pneumonia symptoms worsen?
Seek medical advice if the child deteriorates with increased respiratory distress or reduced responsiveness.
summarise pneumonia
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