Dehydration_and_Fluids_Flashcards

Question 1

What is the most accurate measure of dehydration?

Answer 1

The degree of weight loss during the illness.

Question 2

What percentage of weight loss indicates clinical dehydration?

Answer 2

≥ 5%

Question 3

What percentage of weight loss indicates shock?

Answer 3

> 10%

Question 4

What is the mainstay of therapy if clinical dehydration is present?

Answer 4

Oral rehydration solution (75 mL/kg every 4 hours).

Question 5

When are IV fluids indicated?

Answer 5

For shock, deterioration, or persistent vomiting.

Question 6

What is the first context in which you give IV fluids?

Answer 6

Fluid Resuscitation.

Question 7

What is the fluid bolus for fluid resuscitation in children?

Answer 7

0.9% sodium chloride bolus of 20 mL/kg over < 10 minutes.

Question 8

What is the fluid bolus for fluid resuscitation in term neonates?

Answer 8

10-20 mL/kg.

Question 9

What should be done if the child is still shocked after the initial bolus?

Answer 9

Repeat the bolus.

Question 10

What should be done if larger volumes of fluids need to be given?

Answer 10

Transfer the child to HDU/PICU.

Question 11

How is fluid resuscitation guidance different in DKA?

Answer 11

There is a risk of cerebral oedema.

Question 12

What is the second context in which you give IV fluids?

Answer 12

Correction of dehydration.

Question 13

How do you calculate the volume of fluids for correction of dehydration?

Answer 13

Percentage dehydration × weight (kg) × 10.

Question 14

How long should fluids for correction of dehydration be given?

Answer 14

Over 48 hours.

Question 15

What is the third context in which you give IV fluids?

Answer 15

Routine Maintenance.

Question 16

What is the daily fluid requirement for 0-10 kg body weight?

Answer 16

100 ml/kg.

Question 17

What is the daily fluid requirement for 10-20 kg body weight?

Answer 17

50 ml/kg for each kg from 10-20 kg.

Question 18

What is the daily fluid requirement for body weight over 20 kg?

Answer 18

20 ml/kg for each kg from 20 kg onwards.

Question 19

What is the maximum daily fluid intake for males?

Answer 19

Rarely more than 2500 mL per day.

Question 20

What is the maximum daily fluid intake for females?

Answer 20

Rarely more than 2000 mL per day.

Question 21

What should be measured when starting IV fluids and at least every 24 hours thereafter?

Answer 21

Electrolytes and glucose.

Question 22

What is the total daily fluid requirement for a 20kg child with 5% dehydration?

Answer 22

2000 ml over 24 hours (83 ml/hour).

Question 23

What is the maintenance fluid requirement on Day 1 for neonates?

Answer 23

50-60 ml/kg/day.

Question 24

What is the maintenance fluid requirement on Day 2 for neonates?

Answer 24

70-80 ml/kg/day.

Question 25

What is the maintenance fluid requirement on Day 3 for neonates?

Answer 25

80-100 ml/kg/day.

Question 26

What is the maintenance fluid requirement on Day 4 for neonates?

Answer 26

100-120 ml/kg/day.

Question 27

What is the maintenance fluid requirement on Day 5-28 for neonates?

Answer 27

120-150 ml/kg/day.

Question 28

What type of fluids should be used for term neonates?

Answer 28

Isotonic crystalloids with 5-10% dextrose.

Question 29

What are the symptoms of hypernatraemic dehydration?

Answer 29

Jittery movements, increased muscle tone, hyperreflexia, convulsions, drowsiness, or coma.

Question 30

What should be used to rehydrate in hypernatraemic dehydration?

Answer 30

Oral rehydration solution.

Question 31

What is the risk of a rapid reduction in plasma sodium concentration in hypernatraemic dehydration?

Answer 31

Seizures and cerebral oedema.

Question 32

How should the fluid deficit be replaced in hypernatraemic dehydration?

Answer 32

Over at least 48 hours.

Question 33

How frequently should plasma sodium be measured in hypernatraemic dehydration?

Answer 33

Regularly.