Dehydration_and_Fluids_Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most accurate measure of dehydration?

A

The degree of weight loss during the illness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What percentage of weight loss indicates clinical dehydration?

A

≥ 5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What percentage of weight loss indicates shock?

A

> 10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the mainstay of therapy if clinical dehydration is present?

A

Oral rehydration solution (75 mL/kg every 4 hours).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When are IV fluids indicated?

A

For shock, deterioration, or persistent vomiting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the first context in which you give IV fluids?

A

Fluid Resuscitation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the fluid bolus for fluid resuscitation in children?

A

0.9% sodium chloride bolus of 20 mL/kg over < 10 minutes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the fluid bolus for fluid resuscitation in term neonates?

A

10-20 mL/kg.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What should be done if the child is still shocked after the initial bolus?

A

Repeat the bolus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What should be done if larger volumes of fluids need to be given?

A

Transfer the child to HDU/PICU.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is fluid resuscitation guidance different in DKA?

A

There is a risk of cerebral oedema.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the second context in which you give IV fluids?

A

Correction of dehydration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you calculate the volume of fluids for correction of dehydration?

A

Percentage dehydration × weight (kg) × 10.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How long should fluids for correction of dehydration be given?

A

Over 48 hours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the third context in which you give IV fluids?

A

Routine Maintenance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the daily fluid requirement for 0-10 kg body weight?

A

100 ml/kg.

17
Q

What is the daily fluid requirement for 10-20 kg body weight?

A

50 ml/kg for each kg from 10-20 kg.

18
Q

What is the daily fluid requirement for body weight over 20 kg?

A

20 ml/kg for each kg from 20 kg onwards.

19
Q

What is the maximum daily fluid intake for males?

A

Rarely more than 2500 mL per day.

20
Q

What is the maximum daily fluid intake for females?

A

Rarely more than 2000 mL per day.

21
Q

What should be measured when starting IV fluids and at least every 24 hours thereafter?

A

Electrolytes and glucose.

22
Q

What is the total daily fluid requirement for a 20kg child with 5% dehydration?

A

2000 ml over 24 hours (83 ml/hour).

23
Q

What is the maintenance fluid requirement on Day 1 for neonates?

A

50-60 ml/kg/day.

24
Q

What is the maintenance fluid requirement on Day 2 for neonates?

A

70-80 ml/kg/day.

25
What is the maintenance fluid requirement on Day 3 for neonates?
80-100 ml/kg/day.
26
What is the maintenance fluid requirement on Day 4 for neonates?
100-120 ml/kg/day.
27
What is the maintenance fluid requirement on Day 5-28 for neonates?
120-150 ml/kg/day.
28
What type of fluids should be used for term neonates?
Isotonic crystalloids with 5-10% dextrose.
29
What are the symptoms of hypernatraemic dehydration?
Jittery movements, increased muscle tone, hyperreflexia, convulsions, drowsiness, or coma.
30
What should be used to rehydrate in hypernatraemic dehydration?
Oral rehydration solution.
31
What is the risk of a rapid reduction in plasma sodium concentration in hypernatraemic dehydration?
Seizures and cerebral oedema.
32
How should the fluid deficit be replaced in hypernatraemic dehydration?
Over at least 48 hours.
33
How frequently should plasma sodium be measured in hypernatraemic dehydration?
Regularly.