flashcards_paediatric_rashes
What are the different types of paediatric rashes?
Macular, papular, maculopapular, plaques, pustules, patches, nodules, comedones.
What features should be noted when assessing a paediatric rash?
Size, shape and symmetry, colour and pigmentation, surface features, distribution over the body, epidermal changes, nail/mucosal involvement.
What is atopic eczema and how is it managed?
Itchy rash typically in face, trunk and flexor surfaces, common in first year of life, associated with asthma and hay fever. Management: avoid precipitants, emollients, topical corticosteroids, occlusive bandages, antihistamine, antibiotics, immunomodulators.
What is infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis and how is it managed?
Erythematous scaly eruption in first 2 months of life, progresses to thick yellow adherent layer, not itchy. Management: baby shampoo/oil, barrier emollients, topical antifungal creams for infants; ketoconazole shampoo/creams, selenium sulphide shampoo, coal tar, salicylic acid ointment for children/adolescents.
What are the characteristics and management of candida infection in paediatric rashes?
Causes and complicates napkin rashes, spares flexures, satellite pustules. Management: good hygiene, topical antifungals.
What are the characteristics and management of molluscum contagiosum?
Caused by a poxvirus, pearly papules with central umbilication. Management: cryotherapy, topical antibacterials to prevent/treat secondary bacterial infection.
What are the characteristics and treatment of scabies?
Caused by Sarcoptes scabiei, severe itching worse at night and in warmth, affects fingers, toes, axillae, palms, soles, trunk in younger children. Treatment: treat child and whole family, 5% permethrin cream or 0.5% malathion lotion.
What are the characteristics and treatment of ringworm?
Annular lesions with a crusted edge caused by dermatophyte fungi. Treatment: topical antifungals, systemic antifungal for severe infection, treat source (often animals).
What is the common presentation and management of psoriasis in children?
Most commonly guttate psoriasis following strep/viral URTI, small erythematous patches with silvery scale on trunk and upper limbs. Management: emollients, coal tar, dithranol, calcipotriol.
What are the characteristics and treatment of acne vulgaris?
Occurs 1-2 years before onset of puberty, due to obstruction of sebum flow in sebaceous follicle. Treatment: topical - benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, retinoids; systemic - oral antibiotics, isotretinoin.
What are the characteristics and management of urticaria?
Hives/weals, delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Management: non-sedating antihistamines, PO corticosteroids for severe cases.
What is Henoch-Schönlein purpura and how is it managed?
Boys > girls, usually between 3-10 years of age, preceded by URTI. Rash: papular, symmetrically distributed over buttocks, extensor surfaces of arms and legs, ankles. Management: paracetamol or ibuprofen, PO prednisolone for severe cases, IV corticosteroids for nephrotic-range proteinuria.
What is erythema multiforme and what causes it?
Target lesions, caused by herpes simplex, Mycoplasma pneumonia, other infections, drugs. Usually resolves spontaneously.
What is erythema nodosum and how is it treated?
Tender discrete red nodules on the shins, caused by Strep, primary TB, IBD, drugs. Treatment: treat underlying cause, compression, anti-inflammatories.
What are the characteristics and management of erythema infectiosum?
Caused by parvovirus B19, initially ‘slapped cheek’ rash, progresses to maculopapular lace-like rash. Management: paracetamol or ibuprofen, ensure adequate fluid intake, treat secondary arthritis with ibuprofen.
