headache_children_flashcards
What is the prevalence of headaches in 7-year-olds and 15-year-olds?
Up to 50% of 7-year-olds and up to 80% of 15-year-olds have experienced at least one headache.
How does the prevalence of headaches differ between boys and girls before and after puberty?
Equally common in boys and girls until puberty, then more common in females (3:1).
What is the most common cause of primary headache in children?
Migraine without aura.
What are the IHS criteria for paediatric migraine without aura (criteria A and B)?
A: >= 5 attacks fulfilling features B to D, B: Headache attack lasting 4-72 hours.
What are the IHS criteria for paediatric migraine without aura (criteria C)?
C: Headache has at least two of the following: bilateral or unilateral (frontal/temporal) location, pulsating quality, moderate to severe intensity, aggravated by routine physical activity.
What are the IHS criteria for paediatric migraine without aura (criteria D)?
D: At least one of the following accompanies headache: nausea and/or vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia (may be inferred from behavior).
What is the recommended acute management for paediatric migraine?
Ibuprofen is thought to be more effective than paracetamol for paediatric migraine.
What is the role of triptans in managing paediatric migraine?
Triptans may be used in children >= 12 years but follow-up is required; sumatriptan nasal spray is licensed but poorly tolerated.
What are the side effects of triptans?
Tingling, heat, and heaviness/pressure sensations.
What are the first line preventatives for paediatric migraine according to GOSH?
Pizotifen and propranolol.
What are the second line preventatives for paediatric migraine according to GOSH?
Valproate, topiramate, and amitriptyline.
What is the second most common cause of headache in children?
Tension-type headache (TTH).
What are the IHS diagnostic criteria for Tension-type headache (TTH) in children (criteria A and B)?
A: At least 10 previous headache episodes fulfilling features B to D, B: Headache lasting from 30 minutes to 7 days.
What are the IHS diagnostic criteria for TTH in children (criteria C)?
C: At least two of the following pain characteristics: pressing/tightening (non-pulsating) quality, mild or moderate intensity, bilateral location, no aggravation by routine physical activity.
What are the IHS diagnostic criteria for TTH in children (criteria D)?
D: Both of the following: no nausea or vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia, or one, but not the other is present.
