Organic 21: Amines

Question 1

Amines

Answer 1

organic derivatives of ammonia

Question 2

Alkylamines

Answer 2

have nitrogen attached to sp^3 hybridized carbon

Question 3

Arylamines

Answer 3

have nitrogen attached to an sp^2 hybridized carbon of a benzene or benzene-like ring

Question 4

Primary amine

Answer 4

an amine with 1 carbon attached to nitrogen

Question 5

Secondary amine

Answer 5

an amine with 2 carbons attached to nitrogen

Question 6

Tertiary amine

Answer 6

an amine with 3 carbons attached to nitrogen

Question 7

Quaternary ammonium salts

Answer 7

ammonium salts that have 4 alkyl groups bonded to nitrogen

Question 8

Alkaloids

Answer 8

amines obtained from plants

Question 9

Neurotransmitters

Answer 9

several naturally occurring amines that mediate the transmission of nerve impulses; examples epinephrine and serotonin

Question 10

Polyamines

Answer 10

contain 2-4 nitrogen atoms separated by several methylene units; among the most important amine derivatives found in the body - believed to be involved in cell differentiation and proliferation

Question 11

Phase-transfer catalysis

Answer 11

method for increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by transporting an ionic reactant from an aqueous phase where it is solvated and less reactive to an organic phase where it is not solvated and is more reactive; typically, the reactant is an anion that is carried to the organic phase as its quaternary ammonium salt

Question 12

Reductive amination

Answer 12

method for the preparation of amines in which an aldehyde or a ketone is treated with ammonia or an amine under conditions of catalytic hydrogenation

Question 13

Schiemann Reaction

Answer 13

preparation of an aryl fluoride by heating the diazonium fluoroborate formed by addition of tetrafluoroboric acid (HBF4) to a diazonium ion

Question 14

Sandmeyer Reactions

Answer 14

reactions that use copper (I) salts to replace nitrogen in diazonium salts