Bio Ch 41

Question 0

Gonads

Answer 0

specialized organs where gametes are produced

Question 1

Hermaphroditic

Answer 1

monoecious; animals having both male and female sex organs in a single body

Question 2

Testes

Answer 2

gonads that produce sperm

Question 3

Germ cells

Answer 3

eggs or sperm are derived from these, which become specialized for this purpose during early development

Question 4

Ovaries

Answer 4

gonads that produce eggs

Question 5

Parthenogenesis

Answer 5

modification of sexual reproduction in which an unfertilized egg develops into a complete individual

Question 6

Copulation

Answer 6

sexual union to facilitate the reception of sperm, resulting in internal fertilization

Question 7

Oviparous

Answer 7

any animal that deposits an egg in the external environment

Question 8

Ovoviviparous

Answer 8

some aquatic animals retain their eggs in some way and release young able to fend for themselves

Question 9

Extraembryonic membranes

Answer 9

usually reptiles lay a leathery-shelled egg that contains these to serve the needs of the embryo and prevent drying out

Question 10

Yolk

Answer 10

nutrient rich material within an egg

Question 11

Viviparous

Answer 11

placental mammals are termed this because they do not lay eggs and development occurs inside the female’s body until offspring can live independently

Question 12

Placenta

Answer 12

complex structure derived in part from the chorion

Question 13

Epididymis

Answer 13

tightly coiled duct lying just outside each testis

Question 14

Vas deferens

Answer 14

once the sperm have matured, they enter this, AKA ductus deferens; sperm may be stored for a time here

Question 15

Seminiferous tubules

Answer 15

Testes are composed of lobules, each of which contains 1- 3 tightly coiled ___ ____, which provide a large amount of surface area for sperm development

Question 16

Sperm (spermatozoa)

Answer 16

head, middle piece, and tail make this up

Question 17

Penis

Answer 17

male organ of sexual intercourse

Question 18

Semen (seminal fluid)

Answer 18

thick, whitish fluid that contains sperm and secretions from 3 glands

Question 19

Seminal vesicles

Answer 19

paired; lie at the base of the bladder; each has a duct that joins with the vas deferens

Question 20

Prostate gland

Answer 20

single, doughnut-shaped gland that surrounds the upper portion of the urethra just below the bladder; secretes a milky, alkaline fluid believed to activate or increase the motility of sperm

Question 21

Bulbourethral glands

Answer 21

Pea-sized organs that lie posterior to the prostate on either side of the urethra; produce a clear, viscous secretion known as pre-ejaculate

Question 22

Testosterone

Answer 22

main sex hormone in males; essential for the normal development and functioning of the organs of the male reproductive systems

Question 23

Oocyte

Answer 23

Ovaries produce the female sex hormones and a secondary this each month

Question 24

Egg

Answer 24

released oocyte

Question 25

Estrogens & progesterone

Answer 25

female sex hormones

Question 26

Uterus

Answer 26

thick-walled muscular organ about the size and shape of an inverted pear

Question 27

Cervix

Answer 27

narrow end of the uterus

Question 28

Endometrium

Answer 28

uterine lining

Question 29

Vagina

Answer 29

tube at a 45-degree angle to the small of the back

Question 30

Ovarian cycle

Answer 30

occurs as a follicle changes from a primary, to a secondary, and finallly to a vesicular (Graafian) follicle under the influence of FSH & LH from the anterior pituitary

Question 31

Follicle

Answer 31

structure in ovaries of animals that contains an oocyte; site of oocyte production

Question 32

Ovulation

Answer 32

bursting of a follicle when a secondary oocyte is released from the ovary; if fertilization occurs, the secondary oocyte becomes an egg

Question 33

Corpus luteum

Answer 33

once a vesicular follicle has lost the secondary oocyte, it develops into this glandlike structure

Question 34

Follicular phase

Answer 34

1st half of the ovarian cycle; FSH promotes the development of a follicle that primarily secretes estrogen

Question 35

Luteal phase

Answer 35

2nd half of the ovarian cycle; LH promotes the development of the corpus luteum, which primarily secretes progesterone

Question 36

Uterine cycle

Answer 36

the female sex organs produced in the ovarian cycle affect the endometrium of the uterus, causing this cyclical series of events known as this 28-day cycle

Question 37

Menstruation

Answer 37

endometrium disintegrates, blood passes out of vagina

Question 38

Menopause

Answer 38

usually occurs between ages 45 & 55, time in a woman’s life when menstruation ceases because the ovaries are no longer functioning; not complete until menstruation is absent for a year

Question 39

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

Answer 39

placenta produces this, which maintains the corpus luteum until the placenta begins its own production of progesterone and estrogen; hormone detected in pregnancy tests

Question 40

Lactation

Answer 40

production of milk by the cells of the alveoli; stimulated by the hormone prolactin

Question 41

Contraceptive vaccines

Answer 41

under development, this birth control method immunizes against the hormone HCG, crucial to implantation of the embryo

Question 42

Infertility

Answer 42

inability of a couple to achieve pregnancy after 1 year of regular, unprotected intercourse

Question 43

Gamete

Answer 43

a sex cell, either a sperm or an oocyte

Question 44

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Answer 44

caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)