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Pre-Pharm > A&PII Lab 14: The Urinary System > Flashcards

A&PII Lab 14: The Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Excretion

A

process of the kidneys removing metabolic wastes, toxins, excess ions, and water that leave the body as urine, while returning needed substances back to the blood

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2
Q

Renal hilus

A

concave side of the kidney facing medially

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3
Q

Renal fascia

A

strands of dense irregular connective tissue; attach the kidney to the posterior abdominal wall

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4
Q

Renal capsule

A

thin shell that forms the outer layer of the kidney

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5
Q

Adipose capsule

A

between the renal capsule and renal fascia is this cushion of fat that helps protect the kidney from injury

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6
Q

Renal cortex

A

outermost region of the kidney; appears slightly granular

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7
Q

Renal medulla

A

deep to the renal cortex, this layer of the kidney appears striated due to the presence of tubules and ducts extending through

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8
Q

Renal pyramids

A

the renal medulla includes numerous of these prism-like structures

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9
Q

Renal columns

A

between the renal pyramids are granular areas similar in appearance to the renal cortex

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10
Q

Renal papilla

A

apex of the renal pyramids; points to the innermost region of the kidney

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11
Q

Renal pelvis

A

innermost region of the kidney

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12
Q

Nephrons

A

urine is formed from processes occurring within these structures located within the cortex and renal medulla; functional subunits of the kidneys

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13
Q

Minor calyces

A

the renal pelvis includes these cup-like extensions that collect urine from the renal papilla

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14
Q

Major calyx

A

several minor calcyes connect to this larger structure

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15
Q

Ureters

A

tubes connecting the kidneys with the urinary bladder

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16
Q

Renal sinus

A

fat-filled depression surrounding the renal pelvis at the renal hilus

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17
Q

Renal artery

A

within each kidney, this artery divides to form 2+ segmental arteries

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18
Q

Segmental arteries

A

arteries that divide to form lobar arteries

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19
Q

Lobar arteries

A

arteries extending between renal pyramids

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20
Q

Arcuate arteries

A

at the base of each pyramid, the interlobars branch to form these arteries that extend along the base

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21
Q

Interlobar arteries

A

the arcuates give off numerous interlobular arteries, which extend through the renal cortex

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22
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

small artery extending to each nephron to supply the glomerulus

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23
Q

Glomerulus

A

ball of capillaries supplied by an afferent arteriole extending to each nephron

24
Q

Efferent arterioles

A

the path by which blood exits the glomerulus; carry blood to a 2nd capillary network of the nephron (peritubular capillaries)

25
Q

Peritubular capillaries

A

2nd capillary network of the nephron

26
Q

Vasa recta

A

blood supply of the kidney; a series of straight capillaries in the medulla

27
Q

Ureters

A

2 narrow tubes that channel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

28
Q

Urinary bladder

A

hollow sac located at the base of the abdominopelvic cavity that collects urine and stores it temporarily

29
Q

Rugae

A

when the bladder is empty, the mucous membrane contains these folds, which flatten when the bladder fills with urine to increase its capacity

30
Q

Detrusor muscle

A

muscularis which contracts to expel urine from the bladder

31
Q

Ureteral openings

A

2 posterior openings of the bladder

32
Q

Internal urethral orifice

A

single anterior opening of the bladder

33
Q

Trigone

A

triangle formed by the 3 openings of the bladder

34
Q

Urethra

A

tubular organ that carries urine from the bladder to the exterior during voiding

35
Q

Micturition

A

urination/voiding

36
Q

External urethral orifice

A

opening of the bladder to the exterior

37
Q

Internal urethral sphincter

A

layer of circular smooth muscle near the internal urethral orifice

38
Q

External urethral sphincter

A

embedded within the urogenital diaphragm is this layer of skeletal muscle; voluntary muscle that permits urine to flow through the external urethral orifice

39
Q

Prostatic urethra

A

most proximal segment of the male urethra, extending from the internal urethral orifice through the soft prostate gland

40
Q

Membranous urethra

A

middle segment of the male urethra, which passes through the urogenital diaphragm

41
Q

Spongy (penile) urethra

A

distal segment of the male urethra; passes through the penis and terminates at the external urethral orifice

42
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

1 of 2 nephron parts; filters blood as the 1st step in urine formation

43
Q

Renal tubule

A

1 of 2 nephron parts; where the filtrate is modified by the reabsorption of water and sodium and the secretion of excess ions

44
Q

Glomerulus

A

capillary network within a nephron

45
Q

Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule

A

glomerulus is enclosed within this cup-shaped structure

46
Q

Capsular space

A

interior of the glomerular capsule

47
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule

A

1st segment of the renal tubule; begins from its union with the renal corpuscle; primary site for reabsorption, in which water and solutes pass from the filtrate to the interstitial fluid and onward into nearby capillaries

48
Q

Descending limb of the loop of Henle

A

as the renal tubule descends into the renal medulla, it forms this; here, about 15% of the water in the filtrate is reabsorbed

49
Q

Ascending limb of the loop of Henle

A

ascending component of the renal tubule; permeable to sodium and chloride but impermeable to water; where reabsorption of solutes occur

50
Q

Distal convoluted tubule

A

within the renal cortex, the tubule makes several twists to form this tubule; reabsorbs a small amount of water and solutes; secretion is the primary function (excess ions are transported from the blood and interstitial fluid into the renal tubule)

51
Q

Collecting duct

A

distal convoluted tubules from several nephrons drain into this, which descends through a renal pyramid; cells forming these include receptors for ADH, which increases reabsorption of water to produce a more solute-concentrated urine

52
Q

Peritubular capillaries

A

low-pressure vessels branching from the efferent arteriole, which are adjacent to the renal tubules primarily in the renal cortex

53
Q

Vasa recta

A

capillaries that parallel the loops of Henle in the medulla

54
Q

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

region of cells in the nephron that participates in blood pressure regulation

55
Q

Visceral layer

A

inner layer of the glomerular capsule wall adjacent to the glomerulus

56
Q

Parietal layer

A

outer layer of the glomerular capsule

57
Q

Podocytes

A

foot-like processes that wrap around the walls of the glomerulus to form part of the filtration membrane

Pre-Pharm (182 decks)

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