A&P Lab 4: Cell Structure/Division/Membrane Transport

Question 1

Plasma membrane

Answer 1

cell membrane; envelops the rest of the cell

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

consists of functional subunits called organelles with a liquid medium known as the cytosol

Question 3

Organelles

Answer 3

functional subunits of the cell that are in the cytosol

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

prominent structure of the cell that contains DNA

Question 5

Somatic cell division

Answer 5

when most healthy cells reach a certain size or age, they divide to form 2 genetically identical daughter cells; provides a means of body growth, replacement of older cells, and repair of injured parts of the body; part of what is known as the cell life cycle

Question 6

3 stages of cell life cycle

Answer 6

interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

Question 7

Phases of mitosis

Answer 7

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 8

Sister chromatids

Answer 8

chromosomes, composed of 2 of these, become condensed during prophase

Question 9

Cytokinesis

Answer 9

cytoplasmic division resulting in physical separation to form 2 daughter cells

Question 10

Passive processes

Answer 10

diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, filtration; require no energy/ATP; transported substance moves down a concentration gradient

Question 11

Simple diffusion

Answer 11

molecules, such as water, oxygen, and steroid hormones, which are able to freely cross the cell membrane, move down their concentration gradient by this process

Question 12

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 12

molecules, such as ions, glucose, and amino acids, which are not able to independently diffuse across the membrane, may still move down their concentration gradients by this process with the assistance of a transport protein to cross the cell membrane

Question 13

Osmosis

Answer 13

special case of diffusion; for it to occur, there must be a selectively permeable membrane that is passable to the solvent but impassable to a solute

Question 14

Hypotonic solution

Answer 14

side of a membrane with the lower solute concentration

Question 15

Hypertonic solution

Answer 15

side of a membrane with the higher solute concentration

Question 16

Filtration

Answer 16

separation of particles in a solution when pressure is applied on one side of a membrane, resulting in the passage of small particles through the membrane while larger particles unable to penetrate are left behind; passive process

Question 17

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 17

when pressure is exerted by water flow

Question 18

Active processes

Answer 18

processes that require an input of energy; active transport, vesicular transport (includes endocytosis and exocytosis)

Question 19

Active transport

Answer 19

ATP is hydrolyzed to phosphorylate a transport protein, causing it to alter its shape; as the protein changes its conformation, it transports a substance across the membrane; sodium-potassium pump is a good example

Question 20

Endocytosis

Answer 20

type of vesicular transport in which bulk amounts of substances are taken into the cell by modifying the plasma membrane structure

Question 21

Exocytosis

Answer 21

type of vesicular transport during which substances are released from the cell into the extracellular environment

Question 22

Hypotonic

Answer 22

lower concentration than outside the cell

Question 23

Hypertonic

Answer 23

higher concentration than inside the cell

Question 24

Isotonic

Answer 24

same concentration as inside the cell

Question 25

Osmotic pressure

Answer 25

pressure generated within a cell as water presses against the cell membrane; of utmost importance to living cells

Question 26

Crenate

Answer 26

shrink

Question 27

Lyse

Answer 27

burst

Question 28

Isotonic solution

Answer 28

there is no concentration gradient, and therefore, no net flow of water (it still crosses the membrane, but the movement is equal in both directions)