Lab Ex 28 Survey of the Plant Kingdom - Liverworts, Mosses, Hornworts Flashcards
Bryophytes
liverworts, mosses, hornworts; most primitive group of terrestrial plants; green, have rootlike structures called rhizoids, may have stem and leaflike parts; do not generally possess specialized vascular tissues; fix CO2, degrade rocks to soil, stabilize soil, reduce erosion
Rhizoids
rootlike structures of bryophytes
Thallus
plant body of bryophytes
Antheridia
male sex organs that produce swimming, biflagellate sperm
Archegonia
female sex organs
Zygote
fertilized egg
Sporophyte
zygote divides and matures in the archegonium to produce this, which remains attached to and nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte; produces haploid spores
Gametophyte
N generation of bryophytes; dominant phase of bryophyte reproduction
Liverworts
earliest land plants
Chlorenchyma
chloroplast-containing cells
Gemmae Cups
occur on the dorsal surface of some thalli near the midrib; represent another means of asexual reproduction by liverworts; AKA splash cups
Gemmae
lens-shaped outgrowths inside gemmae cups which are splashed out by falling drops of rain; if they land in an adequate environment, can produce a new gametophyte plant
Dioceious
having separate male and female plants
Archegoniophores
specialized stalks on female plants that bear archegonia
Neck, Venter
parts of the flask-shaped archegonium, the latter of which contains the egg
Antheridiophores
specialized stalks on male plants that bear antheridia
Foot
nonphotosynthetic sporophyte connected to the gametophyte by a structure called this
Spores
produced in meiosis in a capsule located on a stalk that extends downward from the foot in sporophytes of liverwort
Elaters
elongate cells; help disperse spores by twisting; in humid conditions, these coil; expand when dry, pushing spores apart and rupturing the spore case to release the spores
Seta
stalks of moss sporophytes that consists of capsules atop them; sporophyte attached to the gametophyte by a foot
Calyptra
capsule atop the seta covered by this, the upper portion of the archegonium that covers the apex of the capsule; falls off when the capsule matures
Operculum
on the tip of the capsule, caplike structure
Protonema
moss spores germinate and form this, which resembles a branching, filamentous alga; leafy moss plants arise from buds located along this