Lab Ex 28 Survey of the Plant Kingdom - Liverworts, Mosses, Hornworts

Question 1

Bryophytes

Answer 1

liverworts, mosses, hornworts; most primitive group of terrestrial plants; green, have rootlike structures called rhizoids, may have stem and leaflike parts; do not generally possess specialized vascular tissues; fix CO2, degrade rocks to soil, stabilize soil, reduce erosion

Question 2

Rhizoids

Answer 2

rootlike structures of bryophytes

Question 3

Thallus

Answer 3

plant body of bryophytes

Question 4

Antheridia

Answer 4

male sex organs that produce swimming, biflagellate sperm

Question 5

Archegonia

Answer 5

female sex organs

Question 6

Zygote

Answer 6

fertilized egg

Question 7

Sporophyte

Answer 7

zygote divides and matures in the archegonium to produce this, which remains attached to and nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte; produces haploid spores

Question 8

Gametophyte

Answer 8

N generation of bryophytes; dominant phase of bryophyte reproduction

Question 9

Liverworts

Answer 9

earliest land plants

Question 10

Chlorenchyma

Answer 10

chloroplast-containing cells

Question 11

Gemmae Cups

Answer 11

occur on the dorsal surface of some thalli near the midrib; represent another means of asexual reproduction by liverworts; AKA splash cups

Question 12

Gemmae

Answer 12

lens-shaped outgrowths inside gemmae cups which are splashed out by falling drops of rain; if they land in an adequate environment, can produce a new gametophyte plant

Question 13

Dioceious

Answer 13

having separate male and female plants

Question 14

Archegoniophores

Answer 14

specialized stalks on female plants that bear archegonia

Question 15

Neck, Venter

Answer 15

parts of the flask-shaped archegonium, the latter of which contains the egg

Question 16

Antheridiophores

Answer 16

specialized stalks on male plants that bear antheridia

Question 17

Foot

Answer 17

nonphotosynthetic sporophyte connected to the gametophyte by a structure called this

Question 18

Spores

Answer 18

produced in meiosis in a capsule located on a stalk that extends downward from the foot in sporophytes of liverwort

Question 19

Elaters

Answer 19

elongate cells; help disperse spores by twisting; in humid conditions, these coil; expand when dry, pushing spores apart and rupturing the spore case to release the spores

Question 20

Seta

Answer 20

stalks of moss sporophytes that consists of capsules atop them; sporophyte attached to the gametophyte by a foot

Question 21

Calyptra

Answer 21

capsule atop the seta covered by this, the upper portion of the archegonium that covers the apex of the capsule; falls off when the capsule matures

Question 22

Operculum

Answer 22

on the tip of the capsule, caplike structure

Question 23

Protonema

Answer 23

moss spores germinate and form this, which resembles a branching, filamentous alga; leafy moss plants arise from buds located along this