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Pre-Pharm > Lab Ex 32 Vegetative Structure of Vascular Plants > Flashcards

Lab Ex 32 Vegetative Structure of Vascular Plants Flashcards

0
Q

Secondary roots

A

primary root produces numerous these and forms a root system that absorbs water and minerals, anchors the plant, and stores food

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1
Q

Radicle

A

young primary root that emerges from the seed and grows down

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2
Q

Taproot system

A

has a large main root and smaller secondary roots branching from it (ex. carrot)

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3
Q

fibrous root system

A

primary and secondary roots are similar in size (ex. roots of many grasses)

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4
Q

Primary growth

A

apical meristems of roots and all primary tissues contributes to this

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5
Q

Apical meristems

A

primary growth of roots and all primary tissues formed by these

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6
Q

Secondary growth

A

refers to growth in girth resulting from nonapical meristems

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7
Q

Parts of a root

A

root cap, root apical meristem, zone of elongation, zone of maturation

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8
Q

Root hairs

A

in the zone of maturation; outgrowths of epidermal cells; short-lived; increase the surface area of the root

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9
Q

Epidermis

A

outer layer of root cells

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10
Q

Cortex

A

layer just inside the epidermis; cells contain numerous amyloplasts

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11
Q

Amyloplasts

A

starch-containing plastids

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12
Q

Endodermis

A

inner layer of the cortex; regulates water flow to the vascular tissue in the center of the root

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13
Q

Pericycle

A

immediately inside the endoderm; can become meristematic and produce secondary roots

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14
Q

Vascular Cylinder

A

Fluid-conducting cylinder composed of xylem and phloem

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15
Q

Xylem

A

transports water and minerals

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16
Q

Phloem

A

transports most organic compounds in the plant

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17
Q

Tracheids & vessels

A

water-conducting cells in the xylem of angiosperms; dead; hollow at maturity; long, spindle-shaped cells with thin areas called pits where the cell walls of adjacent cells overlap

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18
Q

Vessels

A

water-conducting cells in the xylem of angiosperms; stacks of cylindrical cells with thin or completely open end-walls; water moves through these in straight open tubes

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19
Q

Sieve cells & sieve tube members

A

conducting cells in phloem; alive at maturity; small, thin-walled, arranged in bundles that alternate with the poles of xylem

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20
Q

Lignin

A

stained by phloroglucinol; a molecule that strengthens xylary cell walls

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21
Q

Shoot apical meristem

A

dome-shaped, not covered by a cap; produces young leaves (leaf primordia) that attach to the stem at a node

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22
Q

Leaf primordia

A

young leaves that attach to the stem at a node; produced by the shoot apical meristem

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23
Q

Node

A

shoot apical meristem produces young leaves that attach to the stem at this point

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24
Q

Axillary bud

A

between the young leaf and the stem; forms a branch or flower

25
Q

Terminal bud

A

at the stem tip; contains the apical meristem; surrounded by bud scales

26
Q

Bud scales

A

surrounds the terminal bud at the stem tip

27
Q

Leaf scars

A

from shed leaves; occur at regularly spaced nodes along the length of the stem

28
Q

Internodes

A

portions of stems between the nodes

29
Q

Vascular bundle scars

A

may be visible within the leaf scars

30
Q

Bud scale scars

A

distance between clusters of these or from a cluster to the terminal bud indicates the length of terminal growth

31
Q

Epidermis

A

covers the stem; coated with a waxy, waterproof substance (cutin)

32
Q

Cutin

A

waxy, waterproof substance that coats the epidermis

33
Q

Cortex (stem)

A

below the epidermis; stores food

34
Q

Pith

A

in the center of the stem; stores food

35
Q

Collenchyma

A

smaller, rectangular cells with unevenly thickened cell walls; support elongating regions of the plant

36
Q

Sclerenchyma fibers

A

thick-walled cells just outside the phloem; function in support; in some plants, these are used to make linen, rope, and burlap

37
Q

Dicots

A

flowering plants with 2 cotyledons (seed leaves)

38
Q

Monocot

A

flowering plants with only 1 cotyledon

39
Q

Vascular cambium

A

secondary meristem that produces secondary growth (growth in girth); cylindrical, produces secondary xylem to its inside and secondary phloem to its outside

40
Q

Periderm

A

ruptured epidermis is replaced by this tissue; functions to minimize water loss; consists of cork cells produced by another secondary meristem (cork cambium)

41
Q

Cork cambium

A

produces cork cells to the outside and cork parenchyma to the inside; stain red because of the presence of suberin (water-impermeable lipid)

42
Q

Lenticels

A

gas exchange through peridermal tissues occurs through these structures

43
Q

Leaf parts

A

blade and petiole

44
Q

Petiole

A

attaches the leaf blade to the stem

45
Q

Simple leaves

A

have 1 blade connected to the petiole

46
Q

Compound leaves

A

have several leaflets sharing one petiole

47
Q

Palmate leaflets

A

compound leaf with leaflets that arise from a central area

48
Q

Pinnate leaflets

A

compound leaf with leaflets that arise in rows along a central midline

49
Q

Venation

A

arrangement of veins

50
Q

Parallel veins

A

veins that extend the entire length of the leaf with little or no cross-linking

51
Q

Pinnately veined leaves

A

leaves with one major vein (midrib) from which other veins branch

52
Q

Palmately veined leaves

A

leaves with several veins each having branches

53
Q

Phyllotaxis

A

arrangement of leaves on a stem

54
Q

Opposite phyllotaxis

A

refers to 2 leaves per node located on opposite sides of the stem

55
Q

Whorled phyllotaxis

A

refers to more than 2 leaves per node

56
Q

Alternate phyllotaxis

A

refers to 1 leaf per node, with leaves appearing first on one side of the stem and then on another

57
Q

Palisade mesophyll

A

just below the upper epidermis; closely packed cells; contain about 50 chloroplasts per cell

58
Q

Stomata

A

epidermis contains these pores, each surrounded by 2 guard cells

59
Q

Spongy mesophyll

A

cells with numerous intercellular spaces; below the palisade layers

Pre-Pharm (182 decks)

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