A&P 2: Chemistry Comes Alive Flashcards
Matter
anything that occupies space and has mass
Energy
capacity to do work, or to put matter in motion
Kinetic energy
energy in action
Potential energy
stored energy; inactive energy that has the capability to do work but is not presently doing so
Chemical energy
form of energy stored in the bonds of chemical substances
Electrical energy
results from the movement of charged particles
Mechanical energy
energy directly involved in moving matter
Radiant energy (electromagnetic energy)
energy that travels in waves
Elements
all matter is composed of these unique substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods
Periodic table
provides a more complete listing of the known elements and helps to explain the properties of each element that makes it react as it does with other elements
Atoms
each element is composed of more or less identical particles (building blocks)
Physical properties
those we can detect with our senses, e.g. color, texture
Chemical properties
pertain to the way atoms interact with other atoms (bonding behavior) and account for the facts that iron rusts, animals can digest their food, etc.
Atomic symbol
each element is designated by a 1 or 2 letter chemical shorthand, usually the 1st letter of the element’s name
Nucleus
atom has a central one of these containing protons and neutrons tightly bound together
Protons
bear a positive charge
Neutrons
neutral part of the nucleus
atomic mass unit (amu)
protons and neutrons are heavy particles and have approximately the same mass, 1 of these
Electrons
bear a negative charge equal in strength to the positive charge of the proton
Planetary model
simplified, outdated model of atomic structure
Orbitals
regions around the nucleus in which a given electron or electron pair is likely to be found most of the time
Orbital model
modern model of atomic structure; depicts probable regions of greatest electron density by denser shading (electron cloud)
Atomic number
equal to the number of protons in its nucleus and is written as a subscript to the left of its atomic symbol
Mass number
sum of the masses of its protons and neutrons