Bio Ch 46

Question 1

Climate

Answer 1

prevailing weather conditions in a particular region

Question 2

Topography

Answer 2

physical features of the land

Question 3

Rain shadow

Answer 3

leeward side (side sheltered from the wind) of a mountainous barrier, which receives much less precipitation than the windward side

Question 4

Monsoon climate

Answer 4

wet ocean winds blow onshore for almost half the year

Question 5

Biome

Answer 5

major terrestrial ecosystems characterized by their climate and geography; has a particular mix of plants and animals that are adapted to living under certain environmental conditions, of which climate is an overriding influence

Question 6

Montane Coniferous Forest

Answer 6

coniferous forest of a mountain

Question 7

Alpine Tundra

Answer 7

tundra near the peak of a mountain

Question 8

Arctic Tundra

Answer 8

encircles the Earth just south of ice-covered polar seas in the Northern hemisphere, covers about 20% of the Earth’s land surface

Question 9

Taiga

Answer 9

terrestrial biome that is a coniferous forest extending in a broad belt across northern Eurasia and North America

Question 9

Taiga

Answer 9

terrestrial biome that is a coniferous forest extending in a broad belt across northern Eurasia and North America

Question 10

Temperate rain forest

Answer 10

coniferous forest that runs along the west coast of Canada and the US

Question 11

Temperate deciduous forests

Answer 11

found south of the taiga in eastern North America, Eastern Asia, and much of Europe

Question 12

Tropical rain forests

Answer 12

South America, Africa, Indo-Malayan region near the equator; weather always warm, rain is plentiful

Question 13

Epiphytes

Answer 13

plants that grow on other plants but usually have roots of their own that absorb moisture and minerals leached from the canopy

Question 14

Shrublands

Answer 14

tend to occur along coasts that have dry summers and receive most of their rainfall in the winter

Question 15

Chaparral

Answer 15

dense shrubland that occurs in California

Question 16

Grasslands

Answer 16

occur when annual rainfall is greater than 25cm but generally insufficient to support trees

Question 17

Temperate grasslands

Answer 17

Russian steppes, South American pampas, and the North American prairies

Question 18

Savannas

Answer 18

occurs in regions where a relatively cool dry season is followed by a hot rainy season

Question 19

Deserts

Answer 19

usually found at latitudes of about 30 degrees in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres

Question 20

Wetlands

Answer 20

areas that are wet for at least part of the year

Question 21

Marshes

Answer 21

wetlands that are frequently or continually inundated by water

Question 22

Swamps

Answer 22

wetlands that are dominated by either woody plants or shrubs

Question 23

Bogs

Answer 23

wetlands that are characterized by acidic waters, peat deposits, sphagnum moss

Question 24

Lakes

Answer 24

bodies of fresh water that can be classified by their nutrient status

Question 25

Eutrophication

Answer 25

nutrient-poor (oligotrophic) lakes can become nutrient-rich through this process

Question 26

Fall overturn

Answer 26

mixing process that occurs in fall in stratified lakes, whereby oxygen-rich top waters mix with nutrient-rich bottom waters

Question 27

Spring overturn

Answer 27

mixing process that occurs in spring in stratified lakes whereby oxygen-rich top waters mix with nutrient-rich bottom waters

Question 28

Phytoplankton

Answer 28

photosynthesizing algae that become noticeable when a green scum or red tide appears on the water

Question 29

Zooplankton

Answer 29

tiny animals that feed on the phytoplankton

Question 30

Estuary

Answer 30

partially enclosed body of water where fresh water and sea water meet and mix as a river enters the ocean

Question 31

Intertidal zone

Answer 31

lies between the high and low tide marks

Question 32

Coral reefs

Answer 32

areas of biological abundance found in shallow, warm, tropical waters

Question 33

Pelagic zones

Answer 33

most of the ocean's volume lies within this area

Question 34

Hydrothermal vents

Answer 34

seawater percolates through cracks and is heated to 350 degrees Celsius

Question 35

Biomagnification

Answer 35

pollutants becoming concentrated as they move up the food web

Question 36

Upwelling

Answer 36

cold offshore winds cause cold nutrient-rich waters to rise and take te place of warm nutrient-poor waters

Question 37

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

Answer 37

When the Humboldt Current is not as cool as usual, upwelling does not occur, stagnation results, the fisheries decline, and climate patterns change globally