Lab Ex 39 Survey of the Animal Kingdom - Arthropoda Flashcards
Jointed appendages
Extensions of the main body of insects, highly adapted for locomotion, feeding, reproduction, defense, & sensing the environment
Phylum Arthropoda
Most diverse & abundant phylum of animals (2-10 million species)
Exoskeleton
Made of chitin (long chain of nitrogen-containing sugar molecules arranged in strong fibers); provides protection, a moisture barrier, & a place for muscle attachment; limits growth but periodically shed
Chelicerae
Arthropods with appendages of their most anterior segment modified into feeding structures called this
Pedipalps
Second pair of appendages in chelicerates modified for capturing prey, sensing the environment, or copulating
Cephalothorax
Fused head and thoracic segments & an abdomen as the most posterior body region
Carapace
Horseshoe-shaped covering the cephalothorax and a flexible joint seen easily from a dorsal view separating the cephalothorax from the abdomen
Chilaria
Posterior to the walking legs in the horseshoe crab are a pair of degenerated legs called this
Book gills
Appendages of the abdominal segments where gas exchange occurs
Biramous
Double-branched appendages
Compound eyes
Eyes with multiple lenses (crustaceans)
First antennae, second antennae, mandibles, maxillae, maxillipeds
5 anterior pairs of crustacean appendages
Mandible
Appendage 3 in crayfish; used for feeding
Cheliped
Appendage 9 in crayfish; used for feeding
Swimmerets
AKA pleopods; abdominal appendages that are much smaller than walking legs in crayfish
Uropods
Most posterior pair of appendages on crayfish; broad, flat, surround the terminal abdominal segment called the telson
Telson
Terminal abdominal segment in crayfish
Analogous
Appendages of 2 different species may have similar functions but different embryological origin
Homologous
Structures of 2 different species with similar developmental origin but may or may not have serve the same function
Chelate
Pincerlike legs with opposing claws
Crayfish heart
Diamond shaped, surrounded by thin pericardial sac; lies on dorsal midline just anterior to the abdominal segments
Ostia
Small openings in the heart of crayfish where blood returns to the pericardial sac
Gonads
Testes or ovaries; in crayfish, testes usually white, ovaries orange
Cardiac & pyloric stomachs
Continuous, membranous structures along the dorsal midline of the cephalothorax in crayfish
Esophagus & mouth
Where cardiac stomach receives food from
Digestive gland
Large; secretes enzymes and stores food; lies just posterior and laterally to the stomachs in crayfish
Ventral nerve cord
Passes around esophagus and comes together anteriorly as a brain between & beneath the eyestalks
Ganglia
Series of swellings, each of which controls organs in the immediate segment
Green glands
Excretory organs opening at the base of each antennae in crayfish
Uniramous
Single-branched appendages
Tracheae
Efficient respiratory system of tubes that conduct air through the bodies of insects
Thorax (insects)
Pro-, meso-, & meta- portions, each having a pair of legs
Labrum
Mouthparts of insects covered by this, an extension of the head
Spiracle
Breathing pore opening to the respiratory system of tracheal tubes
Ovipositor
Terminal segment of female insects modified to lay eggs
Dichotomous key
Lists & describes pairs of opposing traits, each of which leads to another pair of traits until a level of classification of the specimen being identified is reached
