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Pre-Pharm > A&P Lab 10: The Muscular System - Gross Anatomy of Muscles > Flashcards

A&P Lab 10: The Muscular System - Gross Anatomy of Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Origin

A

point of attachment of the muscle tendon to the originating or immoveable bone

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2
Q

Insertion

A

attachment site of the muscle tendon to the moveable bone

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3
Q

Action

A

movement of the bone that occurs during muscle contraction

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4
Q

Epicranius

A

frontalis & occipitalis with aponeurosis in between; raises eyebrows and occipitalis pulls scalp posteriorly

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5
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

circular sphincter muscle of eyelids; closes eyes, draws eyelids inferiorly

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6
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

circular sphincter of the muscle of the mouth; closes mouth, protrudes lips

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7
Q

Levator labii superioris

A

between orbicularis oris and inferior margin of the eye; elevates upper lip, opens the mouth

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8
Q

Zygomaticus

A

consists of 2 muscles (major & minor) from corner of mouth to cheek; elevates lateral corners of the mouth to smile

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9
Q

Mentalis

A

superficial muscle of the chin; protrudes lower lip, wrinkles the chin

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10
Q

Platysma

A

thin, superficial muscle of the neck; depresses jaw and lower lip to turn the mouth downward

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11
Q

Masseter

A

covers the lateral aspect of the ramus of the mandible; closes jaw, elevates mandible

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12
Q

Temporalis

A

fan-shaped muscle on the lateral head; closes jaw, elevates/retracts jaw

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13
Q

Buccinator

A

main muscle of the cheek deep to the masseter; draws corner of mouth laterally (as in whistling)

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14
Q

Medial pterygoid

A

elevates jaw, assists in closing jaw

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15
Q

Lateral pterygoid

A

extends from behind the cheekbone to the upper jaw; protracts jaw to grind teeth

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16
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

large, V-shaped muscle of the lateral and anterior neck with 2 heads of origin on either side; flexion of the neck forward when both heads contract together and rotation to the shoulder of opposite side if independent

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17
Q

Scalenes

A

on lateral and anterior neck, consists of anterior, middle, and posterior; flexion and slight rotation of neck, elevation of 1st ribs

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18
Q

Digastric

A

2 bellies (fleshy part of a muscle) united by a tendon to form a V shape beneath the shin; together they elevate hyoid, open mouth, depress jaw

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19
Q

Stylohyoid

A

narrow muscle below angle of the jaw; elevate and retract hyoid bone

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20
Q

Mylohyoid

A

deep to the digastric to form the floor of the mouth; depresses the larynx and hyoid bone if mandible is held stationary

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21
Q

Sternohyoid

A

narrow muscle near the midline of the neck; depresses the larynx and hyoid bone if mandible is held stationary

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22
Q

Sternothyroid

A

deep and lateral to sternohyoid; depresses the larynx and hyoid bone if mandible is held stationary

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23
Q

Omohyoid

A

narrow muscle lateral to sternohyoid with 2 bellies, superior and inferior; depresses the larynx and hyoid bone if mandible is held stationary

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24
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

superior to the sternothyroid; depresses hyoid, elevates larynx if hyoid is stationary

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25
Q

Pectoralis major

A

large, fan-shaped muscle covering the upper thorax; flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm at the shoulder

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26
Q

Deltoid

A

triangular muscle atop the shoulder; abduction of the arm at the shoulder

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27
Q

Serratus anterior

A

large, fan-shaped muscle deep to the scapula with serrated margins; protracts the shoulder, upward rotation of the scapula

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28
Q

Levator scapulae

A

between the shoulder and neck deep to the trapezius; elevates the scapula

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29
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

small, thin muscle deep to pectoralis major; depresses and protracts the shoulder

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30
Q

Trapezius

A

large, superior muscle of the back; extends the head, rotates and adducts scapula; elevates or depresses scapula

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31
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

broad, flat muscle of the lower back; extends, adducts, and medially rotates the shoulder

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32
Q

Supraspinatus

A

deep to trapezius within the supraspinous fossa of scapula; a rotator cuff muscle; abduction at the shoulder

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33
Q

Infraspinatus

A

deep to trapezius within the infraspinous fossa of scapula; a rotator cuff muscle; lateral rotation at the shoulder

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34
Q

Teres minor

A

small, narrow muscle inferior to infraspinatus; a rotator cuff muscle; lateral rotation at the shoulder

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35
Q

Teres major

A

inferior to teres minor and scapula; extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder

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36
Q

Rhomboids, major & minor

A

deep to trapezius and medial to the vertebral border of the scapula; adducts scapula and rotates it downward

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37
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

medial, segmented superficial muscle of the abdomen; flexes and rotates vertebral column

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38
Q

External oblique

A

lateral, superficial muscle of the abdomen extending from the pubis to the thoracic cage; flexes and rotates vertebral column

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39
Q

Internal oblique

A

deep to the external oblique with fibers extending in opposite direction; flexes and rotates vertebral column

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40
Q

Transverse abdominus

A

deepest muscle of the abdomen with fibers in horizontal direction; compresses the abdomen

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41
Q

Erector spinae

A

long back muscle with 3 columns: iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis from the pelvis to the head; extends and laterally rotates the vertebral column

42
Q

Semispinalis

A

deep muscle of the back, includes thoracis, cervicis, and capitis portions; extends the head and vertebral column; lateral or medial rotation

43
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A

covers most of the posterior abdominal wall; flexes vertebral column laterally

44
Q

External intercostals

A

11 pairs extend from rib to rib in oblique downward direction; pulls ribs to one another to elevate thoracic cavity

45
Q

Internal intercostals

A

11 pairs extend from rib to rib in direction opposite to external intercostals; draws ribs together to depress thorax

46
Q

Diaphragm

A

broad, flat, circular muscle forming the floor of the thoracic cavity; flattens to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity

47
Q

Triceps brachii

A

large muscle of the brachium on the posterior side; it includes 3 heads of orgin (long, lateral, and medial); extends the forearm at the elbow

48
Q

Anconeus

A

small triangular muscle that blends with the triceps brachii; abducts the ulna during forearm pronation, and extends the elbow

49
Q

Biceps brachii

A

large muscle of the brachium on the anterior side; flexes the forearm at the elbow and supinates the forearm

50
Q

Brachioradialis

A

superficial muscle on the lateral side of the forearm; flexes the forearm synergist

51
Q

Brachialis

A

flat muscle deep to the biceps brachii; flexes the forearm

52
Q

Pronator teres

A

pronates the forearm

53
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

flexes the hand at the wrist, and abducts the hand at the wrist

54
Q

Palmaris longus

A

superficial muscle of forearm medial to flexor carpi radialis; flexes the hand at the wrist, tenses the skin and fascia of the palm

55
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

superficial muscle of forearm medial to palmaris longus; flexes the hand at the wrist and adducts the hand at the wrist

56
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

deep to palmaris longus and flexor carpi ulnaris; flexes the hand and middle phalanges of 2nd through 5th digits

57
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

deep muscle of the anterior forearm; flexes thumb

58
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

deep muscle of anterior forearm; flexes distal phalanges

59
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

deepest muscle of the forearm at the distal end; pronates forearm

60
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

superficial muscle on posterior side of the forearm; extends and abducts the hand at the wrist

61
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

superficial muscle on the medial side of the forearm; extends the digits and hand

62
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

superficial muscle on the medial side of the forearm; extends and abducts the hand at the wrist

63
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

small muscle deep to the extensor carpi radialis longus; extends and abducts the hand at the wrist

64
Q

Extensor policis longus and brevis

A

pair of small muscles deep to the extensor carpi ulnaris; extends the thumb

65
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

deep muscle lateral to extensor pollicis longus; abducts and extends the thumb

66
Q

Supinator

A

deep muscle at the posterior side of the proximal forearm; supinates the forearm at the elbow with the biceps brachii

67
Q

Gluteal muscles

A

muscles that move the hip joint (originates at pelvis); form the bulk of the buttocks

68
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

4 primary thigh muscles on the anterior side; form a group with a common insertion on the tibial tuberosity by way of the patellar tendon; extend the leg at the knee; include the biceps femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

69
Q

Hamstrings

A

thigh muscles on the posterior side flex the leg at the knee; include biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

70
Q

Iliopsoas

A

composed of 2 muscles, the iliacus and psoas major, both of which originate on the pelvis; flexes the thigh; flexes the trunk; laterally flexes the vertebral column

71
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

largest and most superficial of the gluteal muscles, which form the buttocks; extends the thigh when it is elevated (as in climbing stairs); laterally rotates and abducts the thigh

72
Q

Gluteus medius

A

partially deep to the gluteus maximus; abducts and medially rotates the thigh

73
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

deep to the gluteus medius; it is the smallest of the gluteal muscles; abducts and medially rotates the thigh

74
Q

Piriformis

A

deep hip area inferior and lateral to the gluteus minimus; abducts and laterally rotates the thigh

75
Q

Sartorius

A

long, thin superficial muscle extending obliquely across the anterior surface of the thigh; flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh; flexes the thigh at the knee

76
Q

Rectus femoris

A

anterior muscle of the quadriceps femoris group; extends the thigh at the knee and flexes the thigh at the hip

77
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

lateral muscle of the quadriceps femoris group; extends the thigh at the knee

78
Q

Vastus medialis

A

medial muscle of the quadriceps femoris group; extends the thigh at the knee

79
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

deep to the rectus femoris; extends the thigh at the knee

80
Q

Tensor fasciae latae

A

lateral side of the thigh between layers of fascia; flexes, abducts, medially rotates the thigh

81
Q

Biceps femoris

A

large, lateral muscle of the hamstrings group; includes 2 heads of origin (long head and short head); extends the thigh at the hip; laterally rotates the leg at the knee; flexes the thigh at the knee

82
Q

Semitendinosus

A

long, narrow muscle of the hamstrings medial to the biceps femoris; extends the thigh at the hip; flexes the thigh at the knee; medially rotates the leg

83
Q

Semimembranosus

A

large, flat muscle of the hamstrings deep to the semitendinosus; extends the thigh at the hip; flexes the thigh at the knee; medially rotates the leg

84
Q

Gracilis

A

long, narrow superficial muscle of the medial thigh; adducts the thigh at the hip; flexes and medially rotates the leg

85
Q

Adductor longus

A

large superficial muscle of the medial thigh; adducts, medially rotates, and flexes the thigh at the hip

86
Q

Adductor magnus

A

large, wide, mostly obscured muscle of the medial thigh; adducts, medially rotates, and flexes the thigh at the hip

87
Q

Adductor brevis

A

small muscle superior to the adductor longus, deep to the pectineus; adducts, medially rotates, and flexes the thigh at the hip

88
Q

Pectineus

A

flat superficial muscle of the groin; adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the thigh

89
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

superficial muscle of the anterior side of the leg; dorsiflexion, inverts foot, supports longitudinal arch

90
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A

lateral to tibialis anterior; extension of digits, dorsiflexion

91
Q

Extensor hallucis

A

deep to extensor digitorum longus; extends the big toe, dorsiflexion

92
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius

A

small muscle often fused to the distal end of the extensor digitorum longus; dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot

93
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) longus

A

superficial muscle on the lateral side of the leg; plantar flexion and eversion of the foot

94
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) brevis

A

small muscle deep to the fibularis longus; plantar flexion and eversion of the foot

95
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

large superficial muscle of the calf (posterior leg), with 2 large bellies and origins; plantar flexes the foot when knee is extended; flexes the leg at the knee

96
Q

Soleus

A

flat muscle deep to the gastrocnemius; plantar flexes the foot

97
Q

Popliteus

A

small, flat muscle posterior to the knee; flexes and rotates leg medially

98
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

thick muscle deep to the soleus; inverts foot, plantar flexes foot

99
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A

a thin muscle medial and partially superficial to tibialis posterior; flexes the digits; plantar flexes and inverts the foot

100
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

A

lateral to distal end of tibialis posterior; flexes the 1st digit (big toe); inverts the foot

Pre-Pharm (182 decks)

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