Chemistry - Ch 11

Question 0

Condensed phases

Answer 0

Solids & liquids

Question 1

Intermolecular forces

Answer 1

Forces that exist between molecules

Question 2

Crystalline

Answer 2

Solids that possess highly ordered 3D structures

Question 3

Ion-dipole force

Answer 3

Exists between an ion & the partial charge on the end of a polar molecule

Question 4

Dipole-dipole forces

Answer 4

The force that exists because of the interactions of dipoles on polar molecules in close contact

Question 5

London dispersion force

Answer 5

Intermolecular forces resulting from attractions between induced dipoles

Question 6

Polarizability

Answer 6

Measure of the squashiness of its electron cloud; the greater the polarizability of the molecule, the more easily its electron cloud can be distorted to give a momentary dipole

Question 7

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 7

Special type of intermolecular attraction between the hydrogen atom in a polar bond & non bonding electron pair on a nearby small electronegative ion or atom

Question 8

Viscosity

Answer 8

Resistance of a liquid to flow

Question 9

Surface tension

Answer 9

Energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a unit amount

Question 10

Cohesive forces

Answer 10

Intermolecular forces that bind similar molecules to one another (ex. Hydrogen bonding in water)

Question 11

Adhesive forces

Answer 11

Intermolecular forces that bind a substance to a surface

Question 12

Capillary action

Answer 12

The rise of liquids up very narrow tubes

Question 13

Phase changes

Answer 13

Changes of state

Question 14

Heat of fusion

Answer 14

Enthalpy change for melting a solid

Question 15

Heat of vaporization

Answer 15

Enthalpy change for vaporization of a liquid

Question 16

Heat of sublimation

Answer 16

Enthalpy change for vaporization of a solid

Question 17

Supercooling

Answer 17

Occurs when heat is removed from a liquid so rapidly that the molecules literally have no time to assume the structure of a solid

Question 18

Critical temperature

Answer 18

Highest temp at which a distinct liquid phase can form

Question 19

Critical pressure

Answer 19

Pressure required to bring about liquefaction at critical temp

Question 20

Vapor pressure

Answer 20

Pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase

Question 21

Dynamic equilibrium (equilibrium)

Answer 21

Condition in which 2 opposing processes are occurring simultaneously at equal rates

Question 22

Volatile

Answer 22

Liquids that evaporate readily

Question 23

Normal boiling point

Answer 23

Boiling point of a liquid at 1atm (760 torr) pressure

Question 24

Phase diagram

Answer 24

Graphic way to summarize the conditions under which equilibria exist between the different states of matter

Question 25

Normal melting point

Answer 25

Melting point at 1 atm

Question 26

Triple point

Answer 26

Point on a phase diagram where all 3 phases are in equilibrium at this temp & pressure (points intersect)

Question 27

Crystalline solid

Answer 27

Atoms, ions, or molecules are ordered in well-defined 3d arrangements

Question 28

Amorphous solid

Answer 28

Solid in which particles have no orderly structure

Question 29

Unit cell

Answer 29

Repeating unit of a solid, the crystalline “brick”

Question 30

Crystal lattice

Answer 30

3D array of points of a crystalline solid

Question 31

Primitive cubic

Answer 31

When lattice points are at corners only

Question 32

Body-centered cubic

Answer 32

When a lattice point also occurs at the center of the unit cell

Question 33

Face-centered cubic

Answer 33

When the cell has lattice points at the center of each face as well as at each corner

Question 34

Hexagonal close packing

Answer 34

Arrangement in which the atoms of the 3rd layer of a solid lie directly over those in the 1st layer

Question 35

Cubic close packing

Answer 35

Arrangement in which the atoms of the 3rd layer of a solid are not directly over those in the 1st layer

Question 36

Coordination number

Answer 36

Number of particles immediately surrounding a particle in the crystal structure

Question 37

Molecular solids

Answer 37

Atoms or molecules held together by intermolecular forces (dipole-dipole forces, London dispersion forces, and hydrogen bonds)

Question 38

Covalent network solids

Answer 38

Atoms held together throughout the entire sample of material in large networks or chains by covalent bonds

Question 39

Ionic solids

Answer 39

Ions held together by ionic bonds

Question 40

Metallic solids (metals)

Answer 40

Consist entirely of metal atoms; usually have hexagonal close-packed, cubic close-packed (face-centered cubic), or body-centered cubic structures