A&PII Lab 8: The Respiratory System - Anatomy

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

process of providing cells with oxygen

Question 2

Respiratory System Divisions (2)

Answer 2

conducting portion and respiratory portion

Question 3

Conducting Portion

Answer 3

form the airway, extending from the nose down into the lungs

Question 4

Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 4

organs that conduct air from the exterior to the lungs located within the thoracic cavity; includes nose, pharynx, and larynx

Question 5

Lower Respiratory Tract

Answer 5

contains the trachea and the bronchial tree

Question 6

Respiratory Portion

Answer 6

lungs because they contain the alveoli where the exchange of gases occurs; includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

Question 7

Lungs

Answer 7

respiratory portion of the respiratory system

Question 8

Nose

Answer 8

chamber that initially receives air from the exterior

Question 9

External nares

Answer 9

air enters the nose through these structures

Question 10

Nasal cavity

Answer 10

from the external nares, air next flows into this opening after passing through the vestibule

Question 11

Vestibule

Answer 11

entry chamber of the nose

Question 12

Nasal septum

Answer 12

partition that divides the nasal cavity vertically into right and left nasal chambers

Question 13

Nasal chambers

Answer 13

divided by the nasal septum, these are the divisions of the nasal cavity

Question 14

Hard palate

Answer 14

bony structure that divides the nasal cavity from the oral cavity below it

Question 15

Meati

Answer 15

areas between adjacent conchae represent openings for air to flow

Question 16

Internal nares

Answer 16

inhaled air passes from the nasal cavity to the next organ (pharynx) by way of these openings

Question 17

Pharynx

Answer 17

throat; consists of 3 segments - naso___, oro___, and laryngo___

Question 18

Nasopharynx

Answer 18

superior segment of the pharynx; receives air from the nose via the internal nares; also includes 2 small openings into the right and left auditory tubes, which communicate to the tympanic cavity of the middle ear; embedded against its posterior wall is the pharyngeal tonsil

Question 19

Oropharynx

Answer 19

the nasopharynx transitions into this at the level of the soft palate, which continues to the level of the hyoid bone; receives food from the oral cavity

Question 20

Uvula

Answer 20

at the distal end of the soft palate is this soft extension of tissue, which triggers the swallowing reflex

Question 21

Laryngopharynx

Answer 21

final segment of the pharynx; extends downward to its union with the larynx

Question 22

Larynx

Answer 22

voicebox; cartilaginous, box-like organ that connects the laryngopharynx and the trachea; includes 3 paired cartilages and 3 single cartilages

Question 23

Arytenoid, cuneiform, and corniculate cartilages

Answer 23

the paired cartilages in the larynx are small pieces of hyaline cartilage in the posterior wall

Question 24

Thyroid cartilage

Answer 24

largest of the single cartilages of the larynx; in the anterior wall (Adam’s apple)

Question 25

Cricoid cartilage

Answer 25

inferior to the thyroid cartilage; contributes mainly to the posterior wall of the larynx

Question 26

Epiglottis

Answer 26

3rd single cartilage; composed of elastic cartilage; serves as a flap that closes over the glottis

Question 27

Glottis

Answer 27

opening into the trachea; epiglottis covers this during swallowing

Question 28

Ventricular folds

Answer 28

superior pair of folds lateral to the glottis; "false vocal cords"

Question 29

Vocal folds

Answer 29

inferior pair of folds lateral to the glottis; "true vocal cords"

Question 30

Trachea

Answer 30

windpipe; tube-shaped rigid organ that carries air between the larynx and bronchial tree; located anterior to the esophagus as it extends through the neck and the posterior thoracic cavity; kept patent (open) by the presence of C-shaped hyaline cartilage pieces

Question 31

Tracheal cartilages

Answer 31

C-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage the keeps the trachea patent (in an open state); appear like a stack of open-ended rings along the entire length of the trachea

Question 32

Trachealis muscle

Answer 32

connects the 2 ends of each tracheal cartilage, allowing the esophagus to expand slightly against the trachea to accommodate swallowed food

Question 33

Carina

Answer 33

where the trachea terminates (where the right and left primary bronchi arise)

Question 34

Bronchial tree

Answer 34

because of the extensive branching that occurs within lung tissue, the distribution of bronchi is referred to as this

Question 35

Right & left primary bronchi

Answer 35

bronchial tree begins as these, which extend to each respective lung

Question 36

Secondary (lobar) bronchi

Answer 36

once within a lung, each primary bronchus branches into these small structures, each of which supplies a lobe

Question 37

Tertiary (segmental) bronchi

Answer 37

the secondary bronchi divide into these structures, which supply bronchopulmonary segments within a lobe

Question 38

Bronchioles

Answer 38

tertiary bronchi divide into these tiny structures, each of which supplies a lobule

Question 39

Terminal bronchioles

Answer 39

bronchioles branch to form these structures, which subdivide to form respiratory bronchioles

Question 40

Respiratory bronchioles

Answer 40

divide into alveolar ducts

Question 41

Alveolar ducts

Answer 41

lead into alveolar sacs

Question 42

Alveolar sacs

Answer 42

clusters of alveoli

Question 43

Alveoli

Answer 43

attach in clusters to the alveoli sacs, resembling crowded rosebuds on a rosebush branch

Question 44

Lungs

Answer 44

right and left prominent soft organs of the thoracic cavity; both covered by a thin serous membrane that adheres closely to the outer wall

Question 45

Visceral pleura

Answer 45

outer wall of the thoracic cavity surrounding the lungs

Question 46

Pleural cavity

Answer 46

small space containing serous fluid that separates the visceral pleura from the outer serous membrane

Question 47

Parietal pleura

Answer 47

outer serous membrane of the pleural cavity; attached to the inner wall of the thorax

Question 48

Superior, middle, and inferior lobes

Answer 48

the right lung is divided by connective tissue into these 3 lobes

Question 49

Horizontal & oblique fissures

Answer 49

dividing connective tissue lines on the lobes of the right lung

Question 50

Superior and inferior lobes

Answer 50

the left lung consists of these 2 lobes

Question 51

Oblique fissure

Answer 51

separates the lobes of the left lung

Question 52

Apex

Answer 52

rounded superior portion of each lung

Question 53

Base

Answer 53

broad inferior part of each lung

Question 54

Cardiac notch

Answer 54

in the left lobe, a concave surface is present that allows space for the apex of the heart

Question 55

Root

Answer 55

at the medial side of each lung, this is marked by the common passage of the bronchi, bronchial veins and arteries, and lymphatic vessels and is enclosed within the parietal pleura

Question 56

Hilus

Answer 56

common passage of the bronchi, bronchial veins and arteries, and lymphatic vessels and is enclosed within the parietal pleura

Question 57

Pluck

Answer 57

trachea, primary bronchi, and lungs of a large mammal; named such because it is plucked out of the thorax during the slaughter process

Question 58

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 58

the nose and pharynx are lined with a mucous membrane that includes this type of epithelial tissue; provides protection from objects that may enter the nasal cavity and throat

Question 59

PSCC epithelium

Answer 59

lower larynx, trachea, and larger bronchi are lined with this type of epithelial tissue

Question 60

Goblet cells

Answer 60

cells that play an important role in removing mucus and trapped particles that are inhaled by the conveyor belt mechanism of ciliary transport

Question 61

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 61

as the bronchi diminish in diameter and wall thickness with branching, the lining epithelium becomes thinner until this type of epithelial tissue is observed in respiratory bronchioles

Question 62

Respiratory membrane

Answer 62

surface that accepts the exchange of gases during external respiration; consists of a single layer of alveolar cells (simple squamous) and thin basement membrane, and the simple squamous that forms the endothelium of the capillary