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Pre-Pharm > A&PII Lab 8: The Respiratory System - Anatomy > Flashcards

A&PII Lab 8: The Respiratory System - Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Respiration

A

process of providing cells with oxygen

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2
Q

Respiratory System Divisions (2)

A

conducting portion and respiratory portion

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3
Q

Conducting Portion

A

form the airway, extending from the nose down into the lungs

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4
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract

A

organs that conduct air from the exterior to the lungs located within the thoracic cavity; includes nose, pharynx, and larynx

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5
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract

A

contains the trachea and the bronchial tree

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6
Q

Respiratory Portion

A

lungs because they contain the alveoli where the exchange of gases occurs; includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

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7
Q

Lungs

A

respiratory portion of the respiratory system

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8
Q

Nose

A

chamber that initially receives air from the exterior

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9
Q

External nares

A

air enters the nose through these structures

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10
Q

Nasal cavity

A

from the external nares, air next flows into this opening after passing through the vestibule

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11
Q

Vestibule

A

entry chamber of the nose

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12
Q

Nasal septum

A

partition that divides the nasal cavity vertically into right and left nasal chambers

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13
Q

Nasal chambers

A

divided by the nasal septum, these are the divisions of the nasal cavity

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14
Q

Hard palate

A

bony structure that divides the nasal cavity from the oral cavity below it

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15
Q

Meati

A

areas between adjacent conchae represent openings for air to flow

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16
Q

Internal nares

A

inhaled air passes from the nasal cavity to the next organ (pharynx) by way of these openings

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17
Q

Pharynx

A

throat; consists of 3 segments - naso___, oro___, and laryngo___

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18
Q

Nasopharynx

A

superior segment of the pharynx; receives air from the nose via the internal nares; also includes 2 small openings into the right and left auditory tubes, which communicate to the tympanic cavity of the middle ear; embedded against its posterior wall is the pharyngeal tonsil

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19
Q

Oropharynx

A

the nasopharynx transitions into this at the level of the soft palate, which continues to the level of the hyoid bone; receives food from the oral cavity

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20
Q

Uvula

A

at the distal end of the soft palate is this soft extension of tissue, which triggers the swallowing reflex

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21
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

final segment of the pharynx; extends downward to its union with the larynx

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22
Q

Larynx

A

voicebox; cartilaginous, box-like organ that connects the laryngopharynx and the trachea; includes 3 paired cartilages and 3 single cartilages

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23
Q

Arytenoid, cuneiform, and corniculate cartilages

A

the paired cartilages in the larynx are small pieces of hyaline cartilage in the posterior wall

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24
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

largest of the single cartilages of the larynx; in the anterior wall (Adam’s apple)

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25
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

inferior to the thyroid cartilage; contributes mainly to the posterior wall of the larynx

26
Q

Epiglottis

A

3rd single cartilage; composed of elastic cartilage; serves as a flap that closes over the glottis

27
Q

Glottis

A

opening into the trachea; epiglottis covers this during swallowing

28
Q

Ventricular folds

A

superior pair of folds lateral to the glottis; “false vocal cords”

29
Q

Vocal folds

A

inferior pair of folds lateral to the glottis; “true vocal cords”

30
Q

Trachea

A

windpipe; tube-shaped rigid organ that carries air between the larynx and bronchial tree; located anterior to the esophagus as it extends through the neck and the posterior thoracic cavity; kept patent (open) by the presence of C-shaped hyaline cartilage pieces

31
Q

Tracheal cartilages

A

C-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage the keeps the trachea patent (in an open state); appear like a stack of open-ended rings along the entire length of the trachea

32
Q

Trachealis muscle

A

connects the 2 ends of each tracheal cartilage, allowing the esophagus to expand slightly against the trachea to accommodate swallowed food

33
Q

Carina

A

where the trachea terminates (where the right and left primary bronchi arise)

34
Q

Bronchial tree

A

because of the extensive branching that occurs within lung tissue, the distribution of bronchi is referred to as this

35
Q

Right & left primary bronchi

A

bronchial tree begins as these, which extend to each respective lung

36
Q

Secondary (lobar) bronchi

A

once within a lung, each primary bronchus branches into these small structures, each of which supplies a lobe

37
Q

Tertiary (segmental) bronchi

A

the secondary bronchi divide into these structures, which supply bronchopulmonary segments within a lobe

38
Q

Bronchioles

A

tertiary bronchi divide into these tiny structures, each of which supplies a lobule

39
Q

Terminal bronchioles

A

bronchioles branch to form these structures, which subdivide to form respiratory bronchioles

40
Q

Respiratory bronchioles

A

divide into alveolar ducts

41
Q

Alveolar ducts

A

lead into alveolar sacs

42
Q

Alveolar sacs

A

clusters of alveoli

43
Q

Alveoli

A

attach in clusters to the alveoli sacs, resembling crowded rosebuds on a rosebush branch

44
Q

Lungs

A

right and left prominent soft organs of the thoracic cavity; both covered by a thin serous membrane that adheres closely to the outer wall

45
Q

Visceral pleura

A

outer wall of the thoracic cavity surrounding the lungs

46
Q

Pleural cavity

A

small space containing serous fluid that separates the visceral pleura from the outer serous membrane

47
Q

Parietal pleura

A

outer serous membrane of the pleural cavity; attached to the inner wall of the thorax

48
Q

Superior, middle, and inferior lobes

A

the right lung is divided by connective tissue into these 3 lobes

49
Q

Horizontal & oblique fissures

A

dividing connective tissue lines on the lobes of the right lung

50
Q

Superior and inferior lobes

A

the left lung consists of these 2 lobes

51
Q

Oblique fissure

A

separates the lobes of the left lung

52
Q

Apex

A

rounded superior portion of each lung

53
Q

Base

A

broad inferior part of each lung

54
Q

Cardiac notch

A

in the left lobe, a concave surface is present that allows space for the apex of the heart

55
Q

Root

A

at the medial side of each lung, this is marked by the common passage of the bronchi, bronchial veins and arteries, and lymphatic vessels and is enclosed within the parietal pleura

56
Q

Hilus

A

common passage of the bronchi, bronchial veins and arteries, and lymphatic vessels and is enclosed within the parietal pleura

57
Q

Pluck

A

trachea, primary bronchi, and lungs of a large mammal; named such because it is plucked out of the thorax during the slaughter process

58
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

the nose and pharynx are lined with a mucous membrane that includes this type of epithelial tissue; provides protection from objects that may enter the nasal cavity and throat

59
Q

PSCC epithelium

A

lower larynx, trachea, and larger bronchi are lined with this type of epithelial tissue

60
Q

Goblet cells

A

cells that play an important role in removing mucus and trapped particles that are inhaled by the conveyor belt mechanism of ciliary transport

61
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

as the bronchi diminish in diameter and wall thickness with branching, the lining epithelium becomes thinner until this type of epithelial tissue is observed in respiratory bronchioles

62
Q

Respiratory membrane

A

surface that accepts the exchange of gases during external respiration; consists of a single layer of alveolar cells (simple squamous) and thin basement membrane, and the simple squamous that forms the endothelium of the capillary

Pre-Pharm (182 decks)

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