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Pre-Pharm > A&PII: Lab 4: The Cardiovascular System - Heart Anatomy > Flashcards

A&PII: Lab 4: The Cardiovascular System - Heart Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

composed of the blood, heart, and blood vessels

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2
Q

Apex

A

pointed bottom of the heart; on the left side of the median line; contacts the diaphragm near the 5th intercostal space

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3
Q

Base

A

broader upper portion of the heart; located beneath the 2nd rib

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4
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

pericardial sac; loose-fitting membrane that encloses the heart

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5
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

small space inside the parietal pericardium containing serous fluid produced by serous membrane cells, which provides lubrication

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6
Q

Viscearl pericardium

A

AKA epicardium; 2nd serous membrane that forms the outer wall of the heart (firmly attached)

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7
Q

Atria

A

2 superior compartments of the heart

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8
Q

Ventricles

A

2 inferior compartments of the heart

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9
Q

Auricle

A

each atrium contains this sac that increases its internal volume

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10
Q

Coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove)

A

groove circumventing the heart, revealing the division between the atria and ventricles

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11
Q

Coronary sinus

A

within the coronary sulcus; drains the heart wall

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12
Q

Anterior interventricular sulcus

A

on the anterior side of the heart; 1 of 2 grooves that reveals the division between the right and left ventricles

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13
Q

Posterior interventricular sulcus

A

on the posterior side of the heart; 1 of 2 grooves that reveals the division between the right and left ventricles

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14
Q

Aorta

A

1 of the great vessels that unite with the heart; arises from the left ventricle

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15
Q

Pulmonary trunk

A

1 of the great vessels that unite with the heart; arises from the right ventricle

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16
Q

Inferior & superior vena cava

A

2 of the great vessels that unite with the heart; merge with the right atrium

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17
Q

Ascending aorta

A

segment of the aorta that arises from the base of the heart

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18
Q

Aortic arch

A

segment of the aorta that forms a U-turn

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19
Q

Descending aorta

A

segment of the aorta that descends posteriorly

20
Q

Right and left pulmonary veins

A

2 veins on each side of the heart; can be observed from the posterior side of the heart to unite with the left atrium

21
Q

Ligamentum arteriosum

A

small band of connective tissue, extends between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta; vestigial structure

22
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

blood vessel that once served to shunt blood during fetal life; becomes the vestigial structure ligamentum arteriosum

23
Q

Epicardium

A

outermost layer of the heart wall; AKA visceral pericardium

24
Q

Myocardium

A

deep to the epicardium; thick, cardiac muscle tissue; forms most of the volume of the heart wall; = layer of tissue that provides the propulsive force of contraction

25
Q

Endocardium

A

deep to the myocardium; thin sheet of endothelium that lines the inner chambers of the heart and the heart valves

26
Q

Interatrial septum

A

the right and left atria are separated by this

27
Q

Interventricular septum

A

the right and left ventricles are separated by this

28
Q

Right atrioventricular (AV) valve

A

AKA tricuspid valve; doorway-like valve in the border between the right atrium and right ventricle; channels blood from the atrium to the ventricle; named due to the presence of 3 flaps/cusps

29
Q

Left atrioventricular (AV) valve

A

AKA bicuspid valve; valve between the left atrium and left ventricle; directs blood flow from the atrium to the ventricle; has 2 flaps/cusps; AKA mitral valve due to its resemblance to the tall hat of a bishop (“miter = tall, 2-cusped hat)

30
Q

Right semilunar (SL) valve

A

AKA pulmonary valve; located near the origin of the pulmonary trunk

31
Q

Left semilunar (SL) valve

A

AKA aortic valve; located near the origin of the ascending aorta; directs blood from the left ventricle to the aorta

32
Q

Pectinate muscles

A

the anterior side of the right atrium as a ridged appearance due to the parallel arrangement of cardiac muscle bundles; “comb”

33
Q

Fossa ovalis

A

present on the interior wall of the right atrium of an adult heart is this slight oval depression; in a fetal heart, it is an opening that allows blood to shunt between the atria in order to bypass circulation to the developing lungs

34
Q

Foramen ovale

A

opening which normally contracts with the newborn’s first gasps of air, then gradually fills with connective tissue

35
Q

Trabeculae carneae

A

“little beam” & “flesh”; the inner walls of the ventricles contain ridges of cardiac muscle, but are more prominent than those of the right atrium

36
Q

Papillary muscles

A

more prominent of the trabeculae carneae; have string-like cords of connective tissue extending from them (chordae tendineae)

37
Q

Chordae tendineae

A

string-like cords of connective tissue extending from the papillary muscles; the opposite ends of these cords are firmly attached to the AV valves & prevents them from folding into the atria

38
Q

Systemic circulation

A

1 of 2 major pathways; begins as blood leaves the left ventricle; flows to aorta - brings oxygenated blood to all tissues throughout the body (except lungs)

39
Q

Coronary circulation

A

at the base of the aorta, blood flows into the coronary arteries to supply the heart via this pathway

40
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

1 of 2 major pathways; once within the right atrium, contractions of the heart push deoxygenated blood through the right AV valve (tricuspid) into the right ventricle, through the right SL valve (pulmonary) into the pulmonary trunk to begin this pathway

41
Q

Right and left coronary arteries

A

coronary circulation begins with these arteries, which arise from the base of the aorta

42
Q

Posterior interventricular & marginal artery

A

major branches of the right coronary artery

43
Q

Anterior interventricular artery & circumflex artery

A

major branches of the left coronary artery

44
Q

Great, middle, & small cardiac veins

A

the myocardium is drained by these veins

45
Q

Coronary sinus

A

the great, middle, and small cardiac veins drain into this compartment, which empties blood into the right atrium

46
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A

this type of tissue dominates the myocardium (thickest portion of the heart wall)

47
Q

Intercalated disks

A

distinguishing feature of cardiac cells is the presence of these thickenings between adjacent cells; = gap junctions, which enable action potentials to spread quickly from cell to cell

Pre-Pharm (182 decks)

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