Bio Ch 34

Question 0

Complete digestive tract

Answer 0

Earthworms have one of these tracts with a mouth & anus

Question 1

Incomplete digestive tract

Answer 1

Has a single opening, usually called a mouth; single opening used both as entrance for food and exit for wastes

Question 2

Typhlosole

Answer 2

Increases surface area of earthworms’ digestive tract; intestinal fold that increases absorptive surface area

Question 3

Rumen

Answer 3

1st chamber of the stomach of cattle, sheep, & deer

Question 4

Mouth

Answer 4

Oral cavity; beginning of the digestive tract

Question 5

Palate

Answer 5

Roof of the mouth; separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

Question 6

Uvula

Answer 6

Posterior extension of the soft palate

Question 7

Salivary glands

Answer 7

3 major pairs of these send their juices by way of ducts into the mouth

Question 8

Salivary amylase

Answer 8

Saliva’s enzyme which begins to digest the starch that is present in many foods of plant origin; end product of this digestion is disaccharide maltose

Question 9

Pharynx

Answer 9

Digestive & respiratory passages come together in this & then separate

Question 10

Esophagus

Answer 10

Tubular structure that takes food to the stomach

Question 11

Lumen

Answer 11

Central space of the digestive tract through which food passes as it is digested

Question 12

Mucosa

Answer 12

Innermost layer of the digestive tract next to the lumen

Question 13

Submucosa

Answer 13

2nd layer of the digestive wall; broad band of loose connective tissue that contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, & nerves

Question 14

Muscularis

Answer 14

3rd layer of digestive wall; contains 2 layers of smooth muscle; accounts for peristalsis

Question 15

Peristalsis

Answer 15

Movement of gut contents from the esophagus to the rectum via rhythmic contraction

Question 16

Serosa

Answer 16

4th layer of the digestive wall which secretes a watery fluid that lubricates the outer surfaces of the digestive tract & reduces friction as various parts rub against each other & other organs

Question 17

Stomach

Answer 17

Thick-walled, J-shaped organ that lies on the left side of the body beneath the diaphragm

Question 18

Rugae

Answer 18

Deep folds of the stomach that disappear as the stomach fills to capacity (1L)

Question 19

Chyme

Answer 19

Food mixing with gastric juice in the stomach contents become this thick, creamy consistency

Question 20

Small intestine

Answer 20

Small diameter; long length (6m); chyme enters slowly for thorough digestion

Question 21

Duodenum

Answer 21

First 25cm of the small intestine that brings bile from the liver & gallbladder, & pancreatic juice from the pancreas into the small intestine

Question 22

Bile

Answer 22

Emulsifies fat; causes fat droplets to disperse in water

Question 23

Villi

Answer 23

Wall of the small intestine contains these finger like projections which give the intestinal wall a soft, velvety appearance; has outer layer of columnar epithelial cells (& each of these has 1000’s of microscopic extensions called microvilli)

Question 24

Lacteal

Answer 24

Nutrients are absorbed into the vessels of a villus which contains blood capillaries & a lymphatic capillary called this

Question 25

Large intestine

Answer 25

Cecum, colon, rectum, & anus; large diameter but short; absorbs water, salts, and some vitamins; also stores undigestible material until it is eliminated as feces

Question 26

Appendix

Answer 26

Cecum has a small projection called the vermiform ______; function unclear

Question 27

Diarrhea

Answer 27

Passing of watery feces; can lead to serious dehydration & ion loss

Question 28

Anus

Answer 28

Digestive wastes (feces) eventually leave the body through this opening of the anal canal

Question 29

Polyps

Answer 29

Small growths arising from the mucosa; can be benign or cancerous

Question 30

Pancreas

Answer 30

Lies deep in the abdominal cavity, resting on the posterior abdominal wall; elongated, somewhat flattened organ that has both an endocrine & an exocrine function

Question 31

Liver

Answer 31

Largest gland in the body; lies mainly in the upper right section of the abdominal cavity, under the diaphragm; contains 100K lobules that serve as its structural & functional units; gatekeeper to the blood

Question 32

Jaundice

Answer 32

Yellowing of the skin & sclera of the eyes; results when the liver is not helping the body excrete excess bilirubin, which is then deposited in the tissues

Question 33

Hepatitis

Answer 33

Inflammation of the liver; most common cause is viral

Question 34

Cirrhosis

Answer 34

Chronic disease of the liver; organ becomes fatty, then liver tissue is replaced by inactive fibrous scar tissue

Question 35

Gallbladder

Answer 35

Pear-shaped, muscular sac attached to the surface of the liver; stores excess bile

Question 36

Pepsin

Answer 36

Pepsinogen is converted to this when exposed to HCl; acts on protein to produce peptides; broken down to amino acids in the small intestine

Question 37

Pancreatic amylase

Answer 37

Pancreatic enzyme that digests starch, coverts it to maltose

Question 38

Trypsin

Answer 38

Pancreatic enzyme that digests protein; secreted as trypsinogen, converted to this in the duodenum

Question 39

Maltase

Answer 39

Maltose, a disaccharide that results from the 1st step in starch digestion, is digested to glucose by this

Question 40

Peptidases

Answer 40

Peptides, which result from the 1st step in protein digestion, are digested to amino acids by these

Question 41

Lipase

Answer 41

3rd pancreatic enzyme, digests fat molecules in fat droplets after they have been emulsified by bile salts