Lab Ex 36 Survey of the Animal Kingdom - Phyla Porifera & Cnidaria

Question 1

Phylum Porifera

Answer 1

sponges; eukaryotic, multicellular, ingestive-feeding heterotrophs

Question 2

Phylum Cnidaria

Answer 2

Cnidarians; eukaryotic, multicellular, ingestive-feeding heterotrophs

Question 3

Asymmetrical

Answer 3

bodies with no symmetry or pattern such as left and right halves or anterior and posterior regions

Question 4

Sessile

Answer 4

attached to a substrate

Question 5

Filter-feeding

Answer 5

make waves to have current bring food to them

Question 6

Epithelial layer

Answer 6

outside layer of a sponge

Question 7

Spongocoel

Answer 7

inside the sponge; a central cavity lined by flagellated cells called choanocytes

Question 8

Choanyocytes

Answer 8

collar cells; flagellated cells that line the central cavity of sponges

Question 9

Porocytes

Answer 9

moving flagella draw water through pores within these into the spongocoel and across the collars of the choanocytes to trap food particles

Question 10

Osculum

Answer 10

filtered water from a sponge exits through a large hole in the end of it

Question 11

Incurrent canals

Answer 11

beating flagella of choanocytes move the water containing food particles from the external environment into these, through the folded wall lined with choanocytes, into the flagellated canal, into the spongocoel, and out the osculum

Question 12

Flagellated canals

Answer 12

beating flagella of choanocytes move the water containing food particles from the external environment into incurrent canals, through the folded wall lined with choanocytes, into these, into the spongocoel, and out the osculum

Question 13

Intracellular

Answer 13

digestion occurring inside cells

Question 14

Amoebocytes

Answer 14

wall of a sponge contains these creeping, mobile cells with a variety of functions, including digestion and a rather amazing ability to differentiate into other cell types as needed; secrete the skeleton of calcareous species (containing calcium), siliceous spicules (containing silicon), or proteinaceous spongin fibers

Question 15

Spicules

Answer 15

crystalline skeletal structures in the wall of a sponge

Question 16

Mesenchyme

Answer 16

gelatinous matrix in the wall of a sponge

Question 17

Spongin Fibers

Answer 17

proteinaceous; secreted by amoebocytes

Question 18

Gemmules

Answer 18

stress-resistant aggregates of amoebocytes; in favorable conditions, amoebocytes in these can grow into a mature organism

Question 19

Class Hydrozoa

Answer 19

part of phylum cnidaria/coelenterates; made up of hydras

Question 20

Class Scyphozoa

Answer 20

part of phylum cnidaria; jellyfish

Question 21

Class Anthozoa

Answer 21

part of phylum cnidaria; anemones and corals

Question 22

Radially symmetrical

Answer 22

can be bisected into equal halves in any 2D plane; characteristic of cnidarians; describes a body plan with repetitive body areas arranged in a circle around a central point such as the pieces of a pie

Question 23

Ectodermis

Answer 23

outside layer of the body wall of cnidarians

Question 24

Endodermis

Answer 24

inside layer of the body wall of cnidarians; sometimes called the gastrodermis; lines the gastrovascular cavity

Question 25

Mesoglea

Answer 25

gelatinous; separates the two true body layers in cnidarians

Question 26

Polyps

Answer 26

cylindrical animals with a mouth surrounded by tentacles atop the cylinder (i.e. the end facing away from the substrate); usually attached to the substrate and may be solitary or colonial; 1 of 2 basic body plans of cnidarians

Question 27

Medusae

Answer 27

usually free-floating and umbrella-shaped; mouths point downward and are surrounded by hanging tentacles; 1 of 2 basic body plans of cnidarians

Question 28

Polymorphism

Answer 28

alternating between polyp and medusa forms

Question 29

Planula larva

Answer 29

after fertilization, the zygote develops into a swimming mass of ciliated cells called this, which eventually attaches to the substrate and develops into a polyp

Question 30

Ephyra

Answer 30

immature medusae; develop into mature medusae

Question 31

Cnidocytes

Answer 31

tentacles of cnidarians are armed with these stinging cells which contain small, barbed harpoon-like structures called nematocysts

Question 32

Nematocysts

Answer 32

small, barbed harpoon-like structures of cnidocytes

Question 33

Gastrovascular cavity (GVC)

Answer 33

captured prey are pushed through the mouth into this, where extracellular digestion occurs followed by phagocytosis of small food particles and some intracellular digestion

Question 34

Extracellular digestion

Answer 34

occurs in the GVC

Question 35

Basal disks

Answer 35

polyps of hydra occasionally hang from the water's surface with these adhering to the surface of the water

Question 36

Gastrozooids

Answer 36

specialized feeding polyps that occur in Obelia

Question 37

Gonozoids

Answer 37

reproductive polyps

Question 38

Velum

Answer 38

located on the inner periphery of the medusae

Question 39

Manubrium

Answer 39

mouth is located at the end of this structure of Gonionemus

Question 40

Radial canals

Answer 40

GVC radiates from the center of the manubrium as these connected by a circular canal around the perimeter

Question 41

Gonads

Answer 41

tissue that produces gametes; attach to the radial canals and appear similar in males and females

Question 42

Tentacles

Answer 42

rough surface; surrounds the mouth of cnidarians; may sting

Question 43

Scyphistoma

Answer 43

polyp stage

Question 44

Fragmentation

Answer 44

type of asexual reproduction that occurs when pieces of the basal disk tear away from a moving anemone; the pieces form a new individual