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Pre-Pharm > Lab Ex 41 Vertebrate Animal Tissues - Epithelial, Connective, Muscular & Nervous > Flashcards

Lab Ex 41 Vertebrate Animal Tissues - Epithelial, Connective, Muscular & Nervous Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue

A

cells with similar structure and function

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2
Q

Organs

A

tissues and their functions integrate to form these

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3
Q

Systems

A

organs work together as these, such as respiratory or digestive

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4
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

protects the body; covers the exterior of an organism, lines the gut, and lines the coelomic cavity; specifically (1) protect underlying tissues from dehydration and mechanical damage (2) provide a selectively permeable barrier that facilitates or impedes passage of materials (3) provide sensory surfaces, & (4) secrete fluids

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5
Q

Simple epithelium

A

refers to the tissue occurring in one layer

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6
Q

Stratified epithelium

A

refers to multiple layers

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7
Q

Pseudostratified

A

refers to a single layer of cells that appear stratified because the nuclei appear in different positions within the columnar cells

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8
Q

Squamous

A

cells that are flat like fried eggs

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9
Q

Cuboidal

A

cells shaped roughly like cubes

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10
Q

Columnar

A

cells that are tall and narrow

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11
Q

Simple squamous

A

epithelial cells that are irregular and flattened; minimal barrier to diffusion; line alveoli of lungs, filtration system of kidneys, and major cavities of the body

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12
Q

Simple cuboidal & columnar

A

appear fuller than do squamous cells; shaped as their names imply; line respiratory and intestinal tracts & ducts such as kidney tubules

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13
Q

Stratified tissues

A

several layers thick; typically, the upper layer is squamous, the middle is cuboidal, and the basal (bottom) layer columnar; skin is most obvious example

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14
Q

Keratin

A

skin cells produce this strong, fibrous protein found in hair and fingernails

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15
Q

Exocrine glands

A

glandular epithelium derived from tubular invaginations of epithelial layers and include the liver, mammary glands, and pancreas; cellular secretions of these move to the surface and away from the organs via ducts

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16
Q

Hepatocyte

A

liver cell

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17
Q

Connective tissue proper

A

loose and dense connective tissues with an abundance of fibers

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18
Q

Special connective tissues

A

blood, cartilage, bone, each having a characteristic extracellular matrix

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19
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

consists of cells scattered within an amorphous mass of proteins that forms a ground substance

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20
Q

Subcutaneous tissue

A

AKA areolar tissue

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21
Q

Fibroblasts & fibers

A

in subcutaneous tissue; widely dispersed in vertebrate bodies; irregular branching cells that secrete and extracellular matrix of strong fibrous proteins

22
Q

Collagen

A

most commonly secreted protein; represents 25% of all vertebrate protein

23
Q

Elastin

A

fibers with protein molecules arranged so the fibers can stretch

24
Q

Reticulin

A

thin, branching fiber that supports glands such as the spleen and lymph nodes; also composes junctions between several other kinds of tissues

25
Q

Macrophages

A

loose connective tissue includes these cells, the immune system’s 1st defense against invading organisms

26
Q

Adipose cells

A

found in loose connective tissue and comprise adipose tissue

27
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

contains tightly packed collagen fibers; stronger than loose connective tissue

28
Q

Blood cells

A

these plus their extracellular fluid matrix (plasma) perform a variety of tasks in the vertebrate body, including maintaining proper pH and transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide

29
Q

Plasma

A

blood’s extracellular fluid matrix

30
Q

Erythocytes

A

red blood cells

31
Q

Leukocytes

A

white blood cells

32
Q

Platelets

A

enucleated fragments of large bone-marrow cells

33
Q

Hemoglobin

A

red blood cells sequester this substance, which binds and transports oxygen

34
Q

Cartilage

A

found in skeletal joints and derives its resilience and support from an extracellular gelatinous matrix of chondrin

35
Q

Chondrin

A

matrix of cartilage that may be impregnated with fibers of collagen

36
Q

Chondrocytes

A

chondrin matrix secreted by these cells

37
Q

Lacunae

A

chondrocytes in cartilage reside in cavities called this

38
Q

Osteocytes

A

bone cells that maintain a fibrous, crystalline matrix

39
Q

Lamellae

A

bone is deposited in thin, concentric layers called this

40
Q

Haversian canals

A

lamellae form a series of tubes around narrow channels called this, which run parallel to the length of the bone; surround blood vessels and nerve cells throughout bone and communicate with bone cells in lacunae through canaliculi

41
Q

Canaliculi

A

how Haversian canals communicate with bone cells in lacunae

42
Q

Actin & myosin

A

distinctive feature of muscle is its ability to contract, which results from the interaction of these two protein filaments

43
Q

Myofibrils

A

bundles of actin & myosin contractile filaments occur within a single muscle cell, and their uniform contraction produces considerable force and movement

44
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

striated muscle; attached to the skeleton, controlled voluntarily

45
Q

Smooth muscle

A

long, spindle-shaped, have a single nucleus; line the walls of the gut and blood vessels; their contraction is controlled involuntarily; organized into sheets of cells that contract slowly and rhythmically; uterus and intestine are examples of organs with this type of muscle

46
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

striated, but involuntary; composed of chains of single, uninucleate cells; have specialized junctions called intercalated disks

47
Q

Intercalated disks

A

specialized junctions in cardiac muscle between cells that organize them into rather continuous functional fibers similar to those of skeletal muscle

48
Q

Neurons

A

cells specialized for transmitting nerve impulses

49
Q

Supporting cells

A

ex. Schwann cells; help propagate the nerve impulse and provide nutrients to neurons

50
Q

Cell body

A

part of a neuron that contains a nucleus

51
Q

Dendrites

A

short extensions of a neuron that usually carry impulses toward the cell body from other cells or sensory systems

52
Q

Axons

A

long extensions of neurons that usually carry impulses away from the cell body

Pre-Pharm (182 decks)

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