A&P Lab 9: Articulations

Question 1

Joint (articulation)

Answer 1

area of connection between 2 bones; a component of the skeletal system; holds the bones together while permitting flexibility to the rigid skeleton

Question 2

Fibrous joint

Answer 2

joint characterized by the presence of dense (fibrous) connective tissue that holds the 2 bones together with no space between them; ex: sutures between cranial bones, joints between teeth and their sockets in the jaw, distal joint between the tibia/fibula

Question 3

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 3

has hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage between the bones and no space present; examples: intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

Question 4

Synovial joints

Answer 4

have a space (synovial cavity) between 2 bones with dense connective tissue forming an articular capsule around the cavity; permit the greatest amount of movement; most abundant joints in the body; ex: shoulder, elbow, knee, interphalangeal joints

Question 5

Synovial cavity

Answer 5

space between 2 bones; surrounded by dense connective tissue

Question 6

Articular capsule

Answer 6

synovial cavity is surrounded by this capsule

Question 7

Fibrous capsule

Answer 7

outer layer of the articular capsule (dense connective tissue)

Question 8

Synovial membrane

Answer 8

inner layer of the articular capsule

Question 9

Synovial fluid

Answer 9

in the synovial membrane, cells secrete this watery fluid that lubricates the articular surfaces of the opposing bones

Question 10

Synarthroses

Answer 10

joints with a very tight union that allows no movement; ex: sutures between the cranial bones and the joints between the teeth and their sockets

Question 11

Amphiarthroses

Answer 11

joints allowing limited movement; ex. intervertebral discs & pubic symphysis

Question 12

Diarthroses

Answer 12

joints that allow a large range of movement; ex. shoulder, elbow, knee, and most of the remaining joints of the body

Question 13

Plane (gliding) joint

Answer 13

flat or slightly curved articular surface; ex. intercarpal joints

Question 14

Hinge joint

Answer 14

rounded bone fits into concave bone; flexion and extension (elbow)

Question 15

Pivot joint

Answer 15

rounded bone fits into depression/foramen; rotation; altantoaxial joint

Question 16

Condyloid joint

Answer 16

condyle fits into an ellipsoidal depression; all angular movements; radiocarpal joint

Question 17

Saddle joint

Answer 17

convex surface fits into concave surface; all angular movements; thumb metacarpal and trapezium = only joint like this in the body

Question 18

Ball & socket joint

Answer 18

ball-shaped head fits into cup-like depression; all angular movements & rotation; shoulder/hip joints

Question 19

Acromioclavicular joint

Answer 19

shoulder joint between the acromion and clavicle

Question 20

Glenohumeral joint

Answer 20

joint where the ball-shaped head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa

Question 21

Origin

Answer 21

attachment point at a bone that is stationary during a movement

Question 22

Insertion

Answer 22

attachment point at a bone that moves in response to the muscle contraction

Question 23

Gliding movement

Answer 23

smooth surfaces glide over one another

Question 24

Angular movement

Answer 24

angle between opposing bones changes; movements including flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction

Question 25

Flexion

Answer 25

decrease in the angle between bones

Question 26

Extension

Answer 26

increase in the angle between bones

Question 27

Hyperextension

Answer 27

increase in the angle beyond a normal position

Question 28

Abduction

Answer 28

movement away from the body midline

Question 29

Adduction

Answer 29

movement toward the body midline

Question 30

Circumduction

Answer 30

movement of a distal part in a circular motion

Question 31

Rotation

Answer 31

movement on a pivot in a circular motion

Question 32

Supination

Answer 32

palm movement from posterior to anterior

Question 33

Pronation

Answer 33

palm movement from anterior to posterior

Question 34

Inversion

Answer 34

sole movement in a medial direction

Question 35

Eversion

Answer 35

sole movement in a lateral direction

Question 36

Dorsiflexion

Answer 36

movement of ankle join dorsally (point toes up)

Question 37

Plantar flexion

Answer 37

movement of ankle joint downward (stand on toes)

Question 38

Extracapsular ligaments

Answer 38

extend from bone to bone external to the articular capsule

Question 39

Intracapsular ligaments

Answer 39

ligaments located internal to the articular capsule

Question 40

Bursae

Answer 40

one or more expanded synovial sacs present in joints such as the knee and shoulder to provide a cushioning effect that absorbs shock

Question 41

Menisci

Answer 41

present in the knee; thin fibrocartilage pads between opposing articulating surfaces; help to stabilize the joint during movements

Question 42

Medial & lateral meniscus

Answer 42

help to stabilize the knee during movements

Question 43

Medial & lateral collateral ligaments

Answer 43

2 extracapsular ligaments that provide strength to the knee joint

Question 44

Anterior & posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL & PCL)

Answer 44

2 intracapsular ligaments that strengthen the joint across the lateral and medial internal planes of the knee

Question 45

Patellar ligament

Answer 45

ligament of the knee that is an extension of the large patellar tendon from the quadriceps muscle group of the thigh; connects the patella to the tibial tuberosity and stabilizes the knee anteriorly