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Pre-Pharm > A&PII Lab 17: The Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

A&PII Lab 17: The Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Ovaries

A

small, almond-shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity on either side of the median line

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2
Q

Hilus

A

area on the ovary that receives blood vessels and nerves

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3
Q

Cortex

A

outer layer of the ovary

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4
Q

Medulla

A

inner layer of the ovary

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5
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

outer covering of the ovary; layer of fibrous connective tissue

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6
Q

Germinal epithelium

A

outer area of epithelium, borders the tunica albuginea

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7
Q

Mesovarium

A

part of the broad ligament

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8
Q

Broad ligament

A

double layer of peritoneum that attaches each ovary to the uterus near the midline; also attaches the fallopian tubes to the pelvic wall

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9
Q

Ovarian ligament

A

attaches the ovary to the uterus; connects to the superior medial side of each ovary

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10
Q

Suspensory ligament

A

on the superior lateral side of each ovary; attaches the ovary to the pelvic wall in the lumbar region

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11
Q

Oocytes

A

female games; AKA ova

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12
Q

Oogenesis

A

oocytes are produced by this process

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13
Q

Ovulation

A

every 28 days, an oocyte is expelled from the ovary during this process

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14
Q

Uterine (fallopian) tubes

A

narrow tubes extending from each ovary to the uterus

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15
Q

Infundibulum

A

at the distal end near the ovary, the uterine tube is expanded to form this funnel-shaped structure

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16
Q

Fimbriae

A

finger-like projections of the infundibulum

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17
Q

Ampulla

A

2/3 of the uterine tube length; fertilization of the oocyte normally occurs here

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18
Q

Isthmus

A

the proximal part of the uterine tube opens into the superior end of the uterus, known as this

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19
Q

Uterus

A

organ of the female reproductive system that supports the developing new life

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20
Q

Blastula

A

if an oocyte is fertilized, it normally finds its way into the uterus about 8 days after fertilization and implants into the wall of the uterus in this stage of development

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21
Q

Fundus

A

superior part of the uterus; shaped like a dome

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22
Q

Body

A

central main part of the uterus

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23
Q

Cervix

A

“neck” of the uterus; narrow part directed inferiorly

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24
Q

Uterine cavity

A

space within the body of the uterus

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25
Cervical canal
narrow channel through the cervix
26
Internal os
union between the 2 chambers of the uterus
27
External os
opening at the inferior end of the cervical canal into the vagina
28
Round ligaments
narrow ligaments that helps anchor the uterus (along with the flat, broad ligaments)
29
Perimetrium
layers of the uterine wall are the outermost ____, an extension of the visceral peritoneum
30
Myometrium
middle layer of the uterus; thickest layer, composed of smooth muscle with oblique, circular, and longitudinal fiber directions
31
Endometrium
inner layer of the uterus; lines the uterine cavity
32
Vagina
tube-like organ that serves as a passageway for childbirth, menstruation, and sexual intercourse
33
Vaginal canal
interior of the vagina
34
Rugae
transverse folds, allow the vagina to stretch
35
Vaginal orifice
vagina opens to the exterior here
36
Vulva
anatomical term for the female external genitals
37
Pudendum
alternative name for vulva, meaning modest
38
Mons pubis
elevated area overlying the pubic symphysis, forming a cushion of fat
39
Labia majora
2 hair-covered folds of skin; homologous to the male scrotum
40
Labia minora
medial to the labia majora are the smaller, hairless ___ ____
41
Vestibule
labia minora enclose this, which contains the clitoris at its anterior end
42
Clitoris
small, cylindrical organ, homologous to the penis; composed of erectile tissue and many sensory receptors
43
Prepuce of the clitoris
cap on the distal end of the clitoris
44
Hymen
the vaginal orifice is partly closed in most prepubescent females by this thin fold of mucous membrane
45
Greater vestibular glands
2 pea-sized glands flanking the vaginal orifice; mucus-producing glands that lubricate the vaginal orifice during sexual intercourse
46
Mammary glands
considered part of the female reproductive system due to their role in milk secretion for the infant, although they are modified sweat glands derived from the skin; present in males and females, but only functional in females
47
Areola
located at the center of each mammary gland; pigmented
48
Nipple
located at the center of the areola; contains numerous openings from the lactiferous duct system located internally
49
Lobes
the internal system consists of 15-25 lobes, which radiate around the nipple
50
Lobules
each lobe contains these smaller compartments, which house alveoli
51
Alveoli
milk-producing structures in the lobules
52
Lactiferous ducts
the alveoli secrete milk during lactation into these ducts
53
Lactiferous sinus
storage chamber for milk
54
Oogonia
diploid stem cells within the developing ovaries
55
Primary oocytes
surviving germ cells that develop into these diploid structures; begin the 1st meiotic division before birth; suspend development in prophase I
56
Primoridal follicle
supportive cells that surround each primary oocyte remaining within the ovary
57
Secondary oocyte
larger of the 2 forms when primary oocytes complete meiosis I to form 2 haploid cells of unequal sizes
58
First polar body
smaller of the 2 forms when primary oocytes complete meiosis I to form 2 haploid cells of unequal sizes; degenerates
59
Graafian (vesicular) follicle
hollow ball of cells around the secondary oocyte
60
Ovum
1 of 2 haploid cells that form if the oocyte is fertilized and completes meiosis II; larger of the 2
61
Second polar body
1 of 2 haploid cells that form if the oocyte is fertilized and completes meiosis II; smaller of the 2; degenerates
62
Zygote
union of the sperm and ovum during fertilization results in the formation of this diploid structure
63
Follicular cells
single layer of cells forming the primordial follicles
64
Primary follicles
mature follicles
65
Granulosa cells
cells that form a layer external to the follicular cells
66
Secondary follicles
primary follicles further develop into these structures, in which a central cavity appears
67
Antrum
central cavity that appears in the secondary follicles; filled with fluid produced by the follicular cells that line it
68
Corona radiata
several layers of granulosa cells that form this around the ovulated oocyte
69
Corpus luteum
after ovulation, the Graafian follicle differentiates to form this "yellow body"; source of progesterone and estrogen
70
Corpus albicans
if fertilization does not occur, the Graafian follicle degenerates to form this "white body", which eventually disappears
71
Functional zone
1 of 2 zones of the endometrium of the uterus; adjacent to the uterine cavity
72
Basilar zone
1 of 2 zones of the endometrium of the uterus; contacts the myometrium
73
Menstrual phase
1st phase of the changes undergone by the endometrium; functional zone is lost; lasts 1-5 days
74
Proliferative phase
2nd phase of the changes undergone by the endometrium; day 6 - 14; estrogen produced by the growing ovarian follicle build new tissue to replace the lost functional zone, causing the endometrium to thicken; ovulation occurs at the end of this phase
75
Secretory phase
3rd phase of the changes undergone by the endometrium; day 15-28; progesterone produced by the corpus luteum causes the vascular supply to the functional zone to increase further, stimulating the growth of glands that prepare the uterus for possible implantation of the embryo; if fertilization/implantation occur, this phase is maintained throughout pregnancy; if not, the corpus luteum degenerates, and the loss of progesterone will cause blood vessels to spams and vasoconstrict, leading to the onset of menses on the 1st day

Pre-Pharm (182 decks)

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