Organic 17: Aldehydes & Ketones - Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl Group

Question 1

Hydroformylation

Answer 1

preparation of a variety of aldehydes by reaction with carbon monoxide

Question 2

Nucleophilic addition reactions

Answer 2

most important chemical property of the carbonyl group is its tendency to undergo this type of reaction

Question 3

Germinal diol

Answer 3

AKA a hydrate; product of aldehydes and ketones reacting with water in rapid equilibrium

Question 4

Cyanohydrins

Answer 4

the product of addition of hydrogen cyanide to an aldehyde or a ketone contains both a hydroxyl group and a cyano group bonded to the same carbon

Question 5

Hemiacetal

Answer 5

the expected product of nucleophilic addition of the alcohol to the carbonyl group

Question 6

Acetals

Answer 6

germinal diethers; reaction of 1 mole of an aldehyde with 2 moles of alcohol

Question 7

Carbinolamine

Answer 7

1st stage of reactions of aldehydes and ketones with primary amines (nucleophilic addition of the amine to the carbonyl group to give this)

Question 8

Imine

Answer 8

2nd stage of reactions of aldehydes and ketones with primary amines is the dehydration of the carbinolamine to yield this isolated product of the reaction

Question 9

Enamine

Answer 9

alkenyl-substituted amine; product of secondary amines adding to aldehydes and ketones to form carbinolamines, but their carbinolamine intermediates can dehydrate to a stable product only in the direction that leads to a carbon-carbon double bond

Question 10

Wittig Reaction

Answer 10

reaction using phosphorus ylides (Wittig reagents) to convert aldehydes and ketones to alkenes

Question 11

Ylides

Answer 11

neutral molecules that have 2 oppositely charged atoms, each with an octet of electrons, directly bonded to each other