Lab Ex 42 Human Biology - Skeletal System Flashcards
Ligaments
bones are held together by these slightly elastic structures, made of dense connective tissue
Tendons
bones are attached to muscles by these
Clavicle
collarbone
Scapula
shoulder blade
Humerus
upper arm; longest and largest bone of the upper limb
Ulna
longer of the 2 bones in the forearm; on the side of the little finger
Radius
shorter of the 2 bones in the forearm; is on the side of the thumb
Carpal
8 bones in the wrist bound by strong connective tissue
Metacarpal
5 bones in the hand
Phalange
bones of the fingers
Femur
thigh bone; above the knee
Fibula
smaller, more slender of the 2 leg bones below the knee
Tibia
shin bone; larger of the 2 leg bones below the knee
Patella
kneecap
Tarsals
7 bones of the ankle and heel
Metatarsals
5 long bones of the feet
Phalanges
bones of the toes; 2 in the big toe and 3 in each of the other toes
Sternum
breastbone
Ribs
normally 24 bones; increase in length from the 1st through the 7th, then decrease in length to the 12th
Vertebrae
26 bones, including the sacrum (forms part of the hip) and the coccyx (tailbone) (sacrum and coccyx are made of fused these)
Skull
28 bones, including the middle-ear bones; most are fused with immovable joints called sutures that appear as wavy lines
Hyoid
single, small U-shaped bone suspended at the front of the throat above the pharynx; does not articulate/touch any other bone
Osteoblasts
bones are built by cells called this, which secrete collagen fibers as sites for the deposition of hard calcium-salt crystals
Bone remodeling
strong, healthy bone is continually maintained by this ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue
Osteocytes
as osteoblasts produce collagen and other organic components, they become trapped in these secretions; soon, they mature and are called this
Osteoclasts
bone is broken down by large cells called this, in a process called bone resorption
Bone resorption
process of breaking down bone
