A&P Lab 3: Chemistry

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

any thing that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance and still retain its unique chemical properties

Question 2

Atom

Answer 2

smallest unit of matter that makes up an element

Question 3

Neutrons, protons, electrons

Answer 3

subatomic particles of elements; differ in position in the atom, their mass, and their electrical charge

Question 4

Atomic number

Answer 4

can be used to directly determine the number of protons and indirectly the number of electrons

Question 5

Atomic weight (mass number)

Answer 5

average mass of all the isotopes of a particular element; found on the periodic table; sum of an atoms neutrons and protons considering that protons and neutrons contribute mostly to the overall mass

Question 6

Molecules

Answer 6

atoms react with one another, forming chemical bonds to make these

Question 7

Chemical formula

Answer 7

shorthand to express a molecule; indicates the identify and the number of each element in the molecule

Question 8

Biomolecules

Answer 8

molecules found in living systems that contain 5 or more carbon atoms in either ring or chain formation

Question 9

4 Biomolecules

Answer 9

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 10

Monomers

Answer 10

simple molecules

Question 11

Polymers

Answer 11

complex molecules; constructed by linking together 2 or usually more monomers

Question 12

Condensation

Answer 12

process that links together 2 monomers to begin building a polymer

Question 13

Monosaccharide

Answer 13

monomer of a carbohydrate; one-sugar; ex. glucose, fructose

Question 14

Disaccharide

Answer 14

two monosaccharides joined together by condensation; two-sugar; ex. sucrose = glucose + fructose

Question 15

Polysaccharide

Answer 15

carbohydrate polymer; many-sugar; ex. starch, cellulose, glycogen

Question 16

Triglyceride

Answer 16

polymer; one of the most common forms of lipids; consists of a glycerol molecule + 3 fatty acids; 4 monomers total

Question 17

Amino acid

Answer 17

basic unit of proteins

Question 18

Dipeptides

Answer 18

short protein chain; either 2 amino acids joined by a single peptide bond or 1 amino acid with 2 peptide bonds

Question 19

Polypeptides

Answer 19

long, continuous, unbranched peptide chain

Question 20

Nucleotide

Answer 20

monomer of nucleic acids; consists of 3 molecules; a 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and at least 1 phosphate group

Question 21

Electrolytes

Answer 21

all ions are this type of salt, which will conduct electricity when dissolved in water; ex. acids & bases

Question 22

Cations

Answer 22

ions with a positive charge

Question 23

Acid

Answer 23

any compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+)

Question 24

Base

Answer 24

any compound that accepts hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

Question 25

pH scale

Answer 25

used to measure the number of hydrogen ions in solution; ranges from 1-14; logarithmic

Question 26

Buffering capacity

Answer 26

measure of its ability to resist changes in pH