Bio Ch 44

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

study of the interactions among all organisms and with their physical environment

Question 2

Habitat

Answer 2

the place where the organism lives

Question 3

Population

Answer 3

all the organisms belonging to the same species within an area at the same time

Question 4

Community

Answer 4

all the populations of multiple species interacting at a locale

Question 5

Ecosystem

Answer 5

composed of the community of populations along with the abiotic environment

Question 6

Biosphere

Answer 6

encompasses the zones of the Earth’s soil, water, and air where living organisms are found

Question 7

Demography

Answer 7

statistical study of a population, such as its density, its distribution, and its rate of growth, which is dependent on such factors as its mortality pattern and age distribution

Question 8

Population density

Answer 8

number of individuals per unit area

Question 9

Population distribution

Answer 9

pattern of dispersal of individuals across an area of interest

Question 10

Resources

Answer 10

nonliving (abiotic) and living (biotic) components of an environment that support living organisms

Question 11

Limiting factors

Answer 11

environmental aspects that determine where an organism lives

Question 12

Rate of Natural Increase

Answer 12

growth rate; dependent on the number of individuals born each year and the number of individuals that die each year

Question 13

Biotic potential

Answer 13

highest possible rate of natural increase for a population

Question 14

Cohort

Answer 14

all the members of a population born at the same time

Question 15

Survivorship

Answer 15

probability of newborn individuals of a cohort surviving to particular ages

Question 16

Age Structure Diagrams

Answer 16

in demographics, a display of the age groups of a populations; a growing population has a pyramid-shaped diagram

Question 17

Semelparity

Answer 17

members of the population have only a single reproductive event in their lifetime

Question 18

Iteroparity

Answer 18

members of the population experience many reproductive events throughout their lifetime

Question 19

Exponential growth

Answer 19

number of individuals added each generation increases as the total number of females increases

Question 20

Logistic growth

Answer 20

population increase that results in an S-shaped curve; growth is slow at first, steepens, and then levels off due to environmental resistance

Question 21

Carrying Capacity (K)

Answer 21

maximum number of individuals of a given species the community can support

Question 22

Density-independent factor

Answer 22

intensity of the effect does not increase with increased population density

Question 23

Density-dependent factors

Answer 23

biotic factors considered this; percentage of the population affected does increase as the density of the population increases; competition, predation, disease, and parasitism are all biotic factors that increase in intensity as density increases

Question 24

Competition

Answer 24

can occur when members of a species attempt to use the same resources (light, food, space) that are limited in supply

Question 25

Predation

Answer 25

occurs when one living organism, the predator, eats another, they prey

Question 26

r-Selection

Answer 26

Favorable life history strategy under certain environmental conditions; characterized by a high reproductive rate with little or no attention given to offspring survival

Question 27

k-Selection

Answer 27

favorable life-history strategy under stable environmental conditions characterized by the production of a few offspring with much attention given to offspring survival

Question 28

Doubling time

Answer 28

the length of time it takes for the population size to double

Question 29

More-Developed Countries (MDC's)

Answer 29

North America, Europe, Japan, & Australia; population growth is low, and the people enjoy a high standard of living

Question 30

Less-Developed Countries (LDC's)

Answer 30

certain countries in Latin America, Africa, & Asia; population growth is expanding rapidly, and the majority of people live in poverty

Question 31

Demographic transition

Answer 31

sequence of events (decreased death rate followed by decreased birth rate)

Question 32

Zero population growth

Answer 32

no increase in population size

Question 33

Replacement reproduction

Answer 33

if there are more young women entering the reproductive years than there are older women leaving them, _____ _____ will still result in population growth