554 Vehicle Pursuits

Question 1

…………………..– The law enforcement agency for the adjoining jurisdiction into which a vehicle pursuit is entering.

Answer 1

Adjoining Jurisdiction Agency

Question 2

……………… – A law enforcement vehicle equipped with emergency equipment and being operated by a sworn law enforcement officer.

Answer 2

Authorized Emergency Vehicle

Question 3

………………….– An obstruction used by law enforcement to prevent the flow of traffic.

Answer 3

Barricade

Question 4

…………..– A tactic by which police vehicles make contact with a subject vehicle to prevent the subject vehicle from moving.

Answer 4

Blocking

Question 5

………………… – The prohibited practice of unauthorized vehicles or excessive authorized emergency vehicles joining a vehicle pursuit.

Answer 5

Caravanning

Question 6

…………………….. – The police lieutenant or sergeant-in-charge that has the supervisory responsibility of monitoring a vehicle pursuit.

Answer 6

Commanding Officer

Question 7

………………………– The authorized use of emergency equipment by an authorized emergency vehicle to disregard traffic laws, as long as doing so does not endanger any person or property.

Answer 7

Emergency Mode

Question 8

…………………. – A vehicle being operated by a person who refuses to stop when being directed to do so by an officer operating an authorized emergency vehicle with lights and siren activated.

Answer 8

Fleeing Vehicle

Question 9

……………….. – Treason, murder, manslaughter, sexual battery, carjacking, robbery, home invasion robbery, armed burglary, arson, kidnapping, aggravated assault, aggravated battery, aggravated stalking, leaving the scene of an accident involving death or serious injury, aircraft piracy, unlawful throwing, placing, or discharging of a destructive device or bomb, or any other felony which involves the use or threat of physical force or violence against any person.

Answer 9

Forcible Felony

Question 10

……………………… – A vehicle with a center of gravity that is higher than most vehicles due to factors such as the vehicle being

Answer 10

High Center-of-Gravity Vehicle

Question 11

…………………… – The authorized practice of driving on roadways that are located near the travel route of a vehicle pursuit in order to provide assistance to the pursuing officers when needed.

Answer 11

Paralleling

Question 12

……………………….. – A tactic by which a pursuing vehicle can physically force a fleeing vehicle to abruptly turn and come to a stop.

Answer 12

Precision Immobilization Technique (PIT)

Question 13

…………………… – The officer operating an authorized emergency vehicle with lights and siren activated in a pursuit that is directly behind the subject vehicle.

Answer 13

Primary Pursuit Vehicle

Question 14

……….– The law enforcement agency that is initiating the pursuit.

Answer 14

Pursuing Agency

Question 15

…………………..– A sworn law enforcement officer operating an authorized emergency vehicle with lights and siren activated to engage in a vehicle pursuit.

Answer 15

Pursuing Officer

Question 16

………………… – A tactic by which a pursuing vehicle directly and forcefully impacts a subject vehicle in order to incapacitate the subject vehicle.

Answer 16

Ramming

Question 17

……………………… – The officer operating an authorized emergency vehicle with lights and siren activated in a vehicle pursuit that is directly behind the primary pursuit vehicle and is responsible for relaying the details of the pursuit over a recorded talk group.

Answer 17

Secondary Pursuit Vehicle

Question 18

…………………….– A vehicle for which a law enforcement officer has at least reasonable suspicion to stop and detain.

Answer 18

Subject Vehicle

Question 19

……………………. – The location where a vehicle pursuit ends.

Answer 19

Termination Point

Question 20

…………………….. – Jacksonville Sheriff’s Office (JSO)-issued devices designed to disable a subject vehicle by causing a slow, controlled deflation of its tires.

Answer 20

Tire Deflation Devices

Question 21

………………….– The following of a fleeing vehicle by law enforcement with the intent to stop the subject vehicle from eluding capture.

Answer 21

Vehicle Pursuit

Question 22

Vehicle pursuits pose inherent risks to the community, as well as to those involved. Prior to initiating a pursuit, every officer is required to determine………………… based on JSO policy and the specific risks that pursuit would entail.

Answer 22

if the pursuit is justified,

Question 23

An officer operating an authorized emergency vehicle may initiate a vehicle pursuit if he has a reasonable belief that the fleeing subject vehicle, if allowed to flee, would present an imminent threat to human life because:

Answer 23

a. The officer has reasonable suspicion that the driver or an occupant of the subject vehicle has committed a forcible felony, as defined in this order, and poses a continued threat of death and/or serious bodily injury to the public; or
b. The officer has reasonable suspicion that prior to law enforcement attempting to stop the subject vehicle, the driver of the subject vehicle was operating the vehicle in a dangerous manner likely to cause death and/or serious bodily injury to the public.

Question 24

The initiating officer must determine if the risk of engaging in a vehicle pursuit is less than the risk posed to the community by not stopping the subject vehicle. The initiating officer should evaluate the following criteria when determining whether any pursuit should be initiated, continued, or terminated:

Answer 24

a. The nature of the threat to the community posed by the subject(s) being pursued;
b. Environmental factors, such as weather conditions, roadway conditions, the volume of vehicle and pedestrian traffic, and the time of day;
c. The speeds of the vehicles involved;
d. The safety of the pursuing officer(s);
e. The quality of communication between the pursuing officers, the Police Emergency Communications Officer (PECO), and the commanding officer;
f. The subject’s age, mental capacity, and driving ability;g. Pursuing officers’ familiarity with the area; and
h. The need to continue pursuing the subject(s) once he/she has been positively identified

Question 25

Unless given authorization by a commanding officer, officers operating any of the following vehicles shall relinquish the positions of primary pursuit vehicle and secondary pursuit vehicle to a marked JSO sedan or SUV:

Answer 25

a. Motorcycle;
b. Unmarked vehicle;
c. Van; or
d. Vehicle with a non-JSO passenger.

Question 26

Upon initiation of a vehicle pursuit, the pursuing officer shall announce the pursuit on the most appropriate recorded talk group, along with the following information:

Answer 26

a. The current location and direction of travel;
b. Description of the subject vehicle, including the tag number; and
c. The justification for pursuing the vehicle.

Question 27

A ……………………for the zone in which a pursuit is initiated is responsible for monitoring the pursuit to ensure it is in compliance with JSO policy.

Answer 27

commanding officer

Question 28

Throughout the entire vehicle pursuit, the pursuing officers are required to provide constant updates on the conditions and the location of the pursuit using concise radio transmissions. Upon joining the pursuit, the secondary pursuit vehicle shall ………………….

Answer 28

assume the responsibility of relaying the details of the pursuit over the recorded talk group

Question 29

Pursuing officers are required to ………………., which includes the use of emergency lights and sirens, during the entire vehicle pursuit. [

Answer 29

operate their vehicles in emergency mode

Question 30

When feasible, pursuing officers should request additional vehicles to join the pursuit to ensure there is ……………………………………………………….. After that threshold is reached, additional officers should parallel the pursuit route in emergency mode in order to provide assistance if needed. Caravanning is prohibited. [

Answer 30

at least one more law enforcement officer than the number of occupants in the subject vehicle

Question 31

When the Aviation Unit joins a vehicle pursuit, they shall:

Answer 31

a. Assume the responsibility of providing the pursuit’s route of travel, if feasible; and
b. Inform the commanding officer of any safety concerns and violations of policy

Question 32

Officers are prohibited from pursuing a subject vehicle on ………………………… Officers should observe the subject vehicle from the lawful side of the highway and direct other units to monitor possible exits the subject vehicle could use to leave the highway.

Answer 32

the wrong side of any divided highway.

Question 33

When a …………..or……………………….. in a vehicle pursuit, the PECO supervisor shall designate another commanding officer to monitor the pursuit. The commanding officer monitoring the pursuit has the final authority to determine if the pursuit should continue.

Answer 33

commanding officer initiates or is actively involved

Question 34

Officers shall terminate a vehicle pursuit:

Answer 34

a. When the risks of conducting the pursuit outweigh the risks of allowing the subject vehicle to evade capture;
b. When the subject(s) has been sufficiently identified to enable future apprehension and there is no reasonable belief that the subject(s) must be immediately captured;
c. When any equipment necessary for the safe continuation of the pursuit (e.g., police radio, brakes, emergency lights and sirens) is damaged or becomes inoperable;d. When the justification for the pursuit is no longer valid;
e. When the subject vehicle has evaded capture and further attempts to pursue the vehicle would be futile; or
f. When any supervisor who is actively involved in the pursuit determines that the pursuit must be terminated.

Question 35

When a vehicle pursuit is terminated without successfully stopping the subject vehicle, the pursuing officer(s) shall:

Answer 35

a. Announce the pursuit’s termination on the recorded talk group;
b. Provide the subject vehicle’s last known location and direction of travel;
c. Decrease his speeds to the posted limit;
d. Deactivate all emergency equipment;
e. Alter his direction of travel by either turning onto a roadway not being used by the subject vehicle or safely stop his vehicle until the subject vehicle is no longer visible; and
f. Not follow the subject vehicle once the pursuit has been terminated.

Question 36

When a vehicle pursuit ends due to the subject vehicle being successfully stopped, officers shall

Answer 36

follow the high-risk stop procedures outlined in Order 220 (Traffic Function).

Question 37

The commanding officer that monitored a pursuit, or the most appropriate commanding officer if the pursuit was not properly monitored, shall respond to the termination point of any vehicle pursuit that involved:

Answer 37

a. A forcible stopping tactic;
b. A traffic crash; or
c. An arrest.

Question 38

The commanding officer shall request a ……………………….. respond to the termination point if the pursuit involved life-threatening injuries or death.

Answer 38

City of Jacksonville (COJ) Risk Management Public Liability Adjustor

Question 39

Prior to the end of his shift, the commanding officer who monitored the vehicle pursuit shall …………………………………of the pursuit. Communications Section personnel shall complete this request and place the audio file(s) in the appropriate zone folder on the Shared Network Drive (colloquially referred to as the P-drive).

Answer 39

submit an electronic Communications Records Request SharePoint form for an audio recording

Question 40

The ………………………shall serve as the second reviewer of any electronic Vehicle Pursuit Report that documents a vehicle pursuit related to an incident being investigated by the Homicide Unit.

Answer 40

Assistant Chief of Major Case

Question 41

The preplanned stopping tactics outlined in this section are the only tactics approved for use by JSO officers. An officer shall only use a preplanned stopping tactic ………………

Answer 41

when it is safe to do so.

Question 42

Officers who have completed the PIT training course may use the blocking tactic on a stationary vehicle or a subject vehicle traveling at startup speeds of 15 mph or less. Blocking is only permitted when:

Answer 42

(1) Circumstances would allow for the pursuit of the subject vehicle prior to using the blocking tactic; or
(2) A commanding officer or Homeland Security Division supervisor has given prior authorization to use the blocking tactic for that particular incident or operation.

Question 43

Officers are not permitted to use the blocking tactic to stop a fleeing

Answer 43

pedestrian or bicyclist.

Question 44

A minimum of ……………… is required for the vehicle blocking tactic unless the subject vehicle is next to a strong stationary object, such as a building or concrete barrier, that can serve the same purpose as a second police vehicle.

Answer 44

two police vehicles

Question 45

If the subject vehicle defeats the blocking tactic and flees, officers shall only engage in a pursuit if there was prior justification to do so or an act is committed during the attempted authorized block that would then permit the pursuit, as outlined in this order.

Answer 45

(1) Incidental vehicle-to-vehicle contact resulting from the subject vehicle evading capture is not sufficient justification for pursuing the subject vehicle or using deadly force.
(2) If a subject vehicle intentionally rams a police vehicle or any other occupied vehicle despite having a clear path of exit, officers may consider this information when determining if the pursuit of the subject vehicle is justified.

Question 46

All uses of forcible stopping tactics shall be documented in a Vehicle Pursuit Report by the appropriate……………………

Answer 46

commanding officer.

Question 47

Unless the use of deadly force is justified, as outlined in Order 551 (Response to Resistance), the PIT tactic shall not be used on a(an):

Answer 47

(1) All-terrain vehicle;
(2) High center-of-gravity vehicle; (3) Motorcycle or motor scooter;
(4) Open-top vehicle; or
(5) Vehicle travelling in excess of 55 mph.

Question 48

Ramming

a. Officers who have completed the PIT training course may use the ramming tactic when the PIT maneuver is not feasible.
b. To properly use the ramming tactic, officers must target the subject vehicle’s wheel hubs and/or engine compartment. The passenger compartment should not be intentionally targeted unless……………….

Answer 48

the use of deadly force is justified against all occupant(s) that could be injured by the tactic.

Question 49

Tire Deflation Devices

a. Officers who have completed the Tire Deflation Device training course may use tire deflation devices:

Answer 49

(1) Preemptively, to prevent a suspect from fleeing in a vehicle; or
(2) To stop a fleeing subject vehicle, provided the vehicle is traveling at speeds slow enough to present minimal risk to the officer. Officers should not attempt deploying tire deflation devices during high speed pursuits without a significant barrier to protect the deploying officer.

Question 50

Unless the use of deadly force is justified, as outlined in Order 551 (Response to Resistance), a tire deflation device shall not be used on a(an):

Answer 50

(1) All-terrain vehicle;
(2) Motorcycle or motor scooter; or
(3) Three-wheeled vehicle.

Question 51

When any vehicle not involved in a vehicle pursuit strikes a tire deflation device, …………….. shall complete an Information Report to document the damage to the non-involved vehicle. ……………. shall photograph the scene and all damage, unless the incident requires a crime scene detective to process and photograph the scene.

Answer 51

a supervisor

The supervisor

Question 52

Officers may only continue a vehicle pursuit into another county if:

Answer 52

a. The commanding officer monitoring the pursuit authorizes its continuation; and
b. The adjoining jurisdiction agency approves the continuation of the pursuit.

Question 53

The adjoining jurisdiction agency ……………….of the vehicle pursuit once one of its sworn members joins the pursuit.

Answer 53

will assume command

Question 54

JSO shall …………….. the vehicle pursuit upon the adjoining jurisdiction agency’s request to do so.

Answer 54

immediately terminate

Question 55

JSO has been given advance permission to continue a vehicle pursuit into the jurisdictions of ……………….AND ………………

Answer 55

Naval Air Station (NAS) Jacksonville and Naval Station Mayport

Question 56

When the JSO Communications Center is notified of a vehicle pursuit that is approaching or has entered Duval County, the PECO supervisor shall ensure the:

Answer 56

a. PECO call taker obtains details of the pursuit from the pursuing agency, including descriptions of the involved vehicles and the reason for the pursuit;
b. PECO dispatcher obtains a decision from the appropriate JSO commanding officer as to whether or not the continuation of the pursuit shall be authorized; and
c. PECO call taker informs the pursuing agency of the commanding officer’s decision and that JSO shall assume command of the pursuit (if its continuation is approved

Question 57

When determining whether or not to allow the continuation of a pursuit into Duval County, …………… shall adhere to the same criteria used in evaluating the justification of a pursuit that originates in Duval County.

Answer 57

commanding officers

Question 58

As outlined in Order 572 ……………………………reviews all vehicle pursuit reports to ensure each vehicle pursuit and forcible stopping tactic adheres to training standards and policy.

Answer 58

(Professional Oversight), the POU

Question 59

The POU, with assistance from the Crime Analysis Unit (CAU), completes a documented ………..analysis of vehicle pursuit reports, which includes an overall review of policy and reporting procedures. This annual analysis is approved by the Sheriff and a copy is sent to the Accreditation Unit.
References:

Answer 59

annual