TOXICOLOGY AND INTERACTIONS TERMS

Question 1

any chemical that produces detrimental actions like alteration or structural components or functional processes on a living organism

Answer 1

poisonous or toxic substance

Question 2

the study of the toxic or harmful effects of chemicals

Answer 2

toxicology

Question 3

the absorptions, distribution, metabolism and excretion of toxins, toxic doses of therapeutic agents and their metabolism

Answer 3

toxicokinetics

Question 4

the injurious effects of substances on vital functions

Answer 4

toxciodynamics

Question 5

whole bowel irrigation

Answer 5

cathartics

Question 6

great absorption due to large surface area making it useful for many drugs and poisons

Answer 6

activated charcoal

Question 7

used when suspecting potentially lethal amounts of dialyzable drug

Answer 7

dialysis

Question 8

undesirable reaction that occurs between drug and the solution, container or another drug

change in color, odor, viscosity, morphology

Answer 8

physical incompatibility

Question 9

describes the alteration of a drug effect due to the influence of another substance

Answer 9

drug interaction

Question 10

increased by drugs used to decrease acid production

Answer 10

gastric pH

Question 11

responsible for inactivation of some drugs like digoxin

Answer 11

bacterial flora

Question 12

drugs that get bound up which limits availability

tetracylines and fluoroquinolones

Answer 12

chelation and complexation

Question 13

changes can either increase or decrease absorption

Answer 13

motility

Question 14

altered by other drugs

unbound drugs exerts toxic albumin

i.e. addition of valproic displaces phenytoin from albumin

Answer 14

protein binding alterations

Question 15

these reduce total body water thereby concentrating plasma levels of aminoglycosides and lithium

Answer 15

diuretics

Question 16

pH alteration of urine can alter ionization state of drugs that are weak acids or weak bases

Answer 16

ion trapping

Question 17

acceleration of metabolism decreases levels of coadministered drug decreasing pharmacologic action

Answer 17

enzyme induction

Question 18

inhibition of metabolism increases level of co administered drug-increases pharmacologic action

Answer 18

enzyme inhibition

Question 19

inducers of CYP enzymes

Answer 19

RBC STEP
rifampin
barbiturates
carbamazepine
St johns wort
tobacco
ethanol
phenytoin

Question 20

inhibitors of CYP enzymes

Answer 20

GMC SAFARI
grapefruit juice
macrolides
cimetidine
SSRIs
Azoles
fluroquinolones
amidodorone
ritonavir
isoniazid

Question 21

the effect of 2 drugs given together is equal to the sum of the responses to the same doses given separately

Answer 21

additive effects

Question 22

the effect of 2 drugs given together is less than the sum of the responses to the same doses given separately

Answer 22

antagonism

Question 23

a change in the pharmacodynamics of 1 drug caused by interacting drug

Answer 23

pharmacodynamic interaction

Question 24

a change in the pharmacokinetics of 1 drug caused by the interaction drug

Answer 24

pharmacokinetic interaction

Question 25

the effect of 2 drugs given together is greater than the sum of the responses to the same doses given separately

Answer 25

synergism