TOXICOLOGY AND INTERACTIONS TERMS Flashcards
any chemical that produces detrimental actions like alteration or structural components or functional processes on a living organism
poisonous or toxic substance
the study of the toxic or harmful effects of chemicals
toxicology
the absorptions, distribution, metabolism and excretion of toxins, toxic doses of therapeutic agents and their metabolism
toxicokinetics
the injurious effects of substances on vital functions
toxciodynamics
whole bowel irrigation
cathartics
great absorption due to large surface area making it useful for many drugs and poisons
activated charcoal
used when suspecting potentially lethal amounts of dialyzable drug
dialysis
undesirable reaction that occurs between drug and the solution, container or another drug
change in color, odor, viscosity, morphology
physical incompatibility
describes the alteration of a drug effect due to the influence of another substance
drug interaction
increased by drugs used to decrease acid production
gastric pH
responsible for inactivation of some drugs like digoxin
bacterial flora
drugs that get bound up which limits availability
tetracylines and fluoroquinolones
chelation and complexation
changes can either increase or decrease absorption
motility
altered by other drugs
unbound drugs exerts toxic albumin
i.e. addition of valproic displaces phenytoin from albumin
protein binding alterations
these reduce total body water thereby concentrating plasma levels of aminoglycosides and lithium
diuretics
pH alteration of urine can alter ionization state of drugs that are weak acids or weak bases
ion trapping
acceleration of metabolism decreases levels of coadministered drug decreasing pharmacologic action
enzyme induction
inhibition of metabolism increases level of co administered drug-increases pharmacologic action
enzyme inhibition
inducers of CYP enzymes
RBC STEP rifampin barbiturates carbamazepine St johns wort tobacco ethanol phenytoin
inhibitors of CYP enzymes
GMC SAFARI grapefruit juice macrolides cimetidine SSRIs Azoles fluroquinolones amidodorone ritonavir isoniazid
the effect of 2 drugs given together is equal to the sum of the responses to the same doses given separately
additive effects
the effect of 2 drugs given together is less than the sum of the responses to the same doses given separately
antagonism
a change in the pharmacodynamics of 1 drug caused by interacting drug
pharmacodynamic interaction
a change in the pharmacokinetics of 1 drug caused by the interaction drug
pharmacokinetic interaction
the effect of 2 drugs given together is greater than the sum of the responses to the same doses given separately
synergism
