HIGH YIELD

Question 1

a major cause of atherosclerotic
cardiovascular disease

(ASCVD) e.g. coronary artery
disease, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease

Answer 1

Dyslipidemia

Question 2

the leading cause of death for both genders in the U.S.

Answer 2

Atherosclerosis

Question 3

Total cholesterol and LDL-C increase throughout life

in men and women, T/F?

Answer 3

T

Question 4

Cholesterol and triglycerides are transported in the _____ via _____?

Answer 4

plasma

lipoproteins

Question 5

Responsible for structure, function, assembly, metabolism

Answer 5

Apolipoproteins

Question 6

what percent of IDL gets removed from the liver?

Answer 6

40-60%

Question 7

• HDL (high density)
• LDL (low density)
• IDL (intermediate density)
• VLDL (very low density)
• Chylomicrons

these are examples?

Answer 7

Lipoproteins

Question 8

general presentation? symptoms?

so what would cause these?

Answer 8

often asymptomatic until event; variable, often none

coronary heart disease
PAD

Question 9

how do the labs present?

Answer 9

• Elevated total cholesterol
• Elevated LDL
• Elevated triglycerides
• Elevated ApoB
• Elevated hsCRP • Low HDL
• Screen for PAD (ABI), diabetes

Question 10

• HeFH is more common
with one case per 250
people versus HoFH with
one case per one million
people

• HeFH ~250-450; HoFH
may present with TG >500

• Eruptive xanthomas
and/or pancreatitis can
develop when TG > 500
mg/dL

Answer 10

Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Question 11

Group of conditions that
associated with increased
risk of heart disease,
stroke, and diabetes

Requires aggressive
lifestyle modification
focused on weight
reduction and increased
physical activity

Reduction of risk factors for
CVD include treatment of
• HTN
• Smoking
• Glucose
• Weight
• Cholesterol

Answer 11

Metabolic Syndrome

Question 12

Treatment Approach

Answer 12

• Reduce the risk of first and recurrent ASCVD events
• Implement a healthy lifestyle!

• Initiation of medication should be based on risk
and not merely plasma levels (e.g. LDL)

• Risk assessment is key (10-year ASCVD risk)

Question 13

10-year risk for ASCVD is categorized as:

low risk
borderline risk
intermediate risk
high risk

Answer 13

Low-risk (<5%)

Borderline risk (5% to 7.4%)

Intermediate risk (7.5% to 19.9%)

High risk (≥20%)

Question 14

Secondary Prevention

*treated with?

Answer 14

Clinical diagnosis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular
disease (ASCVD) includes:

• Acute coronary syndrome
• Myocardial infarction
• Stable or unstable angina or arterial
revascularization
• Stroke and transient ischemic attack
• Peripheral artery disease, including aortic
aneurysm

statins

Question 15

Management of Very High TG

Answer 15

• > 500 mg/dL, treat with statins(10-30) and fibrates(30-50)
• Primary goal is to prevent pancreatitis***
• Weight loss of 5%-10% à 20% reduction in TG
• Limit sugars and other simple carbs and increase aerobic exercise
• Evaluate secondary causes
• Diet
• Medications

Question 16

Low HDL Cholesterol

Answer 16

• Strong independent risk predictor of ASCVD
• Men < 40 mg/dL***
• Women < 50 mg/dL***
• Niacin can increase HDL significantly (~30—40%)***
• However, lifestyle modification is the key recommendation

Question 17

Aspirin (can be considered for primary prevention if

ASCVD risk is high and NOT at increased bleeding risk, T/F?

Answer 17

T

Question 18

pharmacologic treatment?

Answer 18

• Inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase (statins)
• Bile acid–binding resins
• Nicotinic acid (niacin)
• Omega-3 fatty acids

Question 19

250-450

HeFH ~or HoFH

Answer 19

HeFH

Question 20

HoFH may present with TG >500

HeFH ~or HoFH

Answer 20

HoFH

Question 21

what are the parameters for metabolic syndrome?

Answer 21

glucose
HDL cholesterol
triglycerides
obesity
hypertension