PHARMACOKINETICS AND DRUG ADM HIGH YIELD PART C

Question 1

what are the three different types of metabolites?

Answer 1

active
inactive
toxic

Question 2

which route of administration is subject to first pass metabolism?

Answer 2

oral

Question 3

first pass effect has what effect on bioavailability?

Answer 3

decreases

Question 4

during phase 1, prodrugs are activated by what enzyme, specifically? what does this do?

Answer 4

phase 1 enzymes like cytochrome P450

metabolism of drugs in the liver

Question 5

which of the cytochrome P450 enzymes is most abundantly expressed in the liver?

what can inhibit this, notably?

Answer 5

CYP3A4

*metabolizes over 50% of clinically used drugs

grapefruit juice, b/c terfenadine plus CYP3A4 inhibitor leads to arrhythmias

Question 6

enzyme inducers?

Answer 6

BSCRAPP

barbiturates
st johns wort
carbamazepine
rifampin
alcohol 
phenytoin
phenobarbital

Question 7

enzyme inhibitors?

Answer 7

SICKFACESCOM

sodium valproate
isoniazid
cimetidine
ketoconazole
fluconazole
alcohol
chloramphenicol
erythromycin
sulfonamides
ciprofloxacin
omeprazole
metronidazole

Question 8

this is the most common form of excretion?

Answer 8

renal excretion

Question 9

name the different types of excretion?

Answer 9

renal
biliary and fecal
pulmonary

Question 10

what is the equation for renal excretion?

Answer 10

glomerular filtrate + secretion - reabsorption

Question 11

area under the curve is a measure of?

Answer 11

total body exposure and the drugs bioavailability

mg x h/l

Question 12

in zero order elimination, the drug is eliminated at a rate independent or dependent of the plasma concentration?

Answer 12

independent