DIURETICS PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards
what are the six classes of diuretics?
osmotic thiazide loop potassium sparing carbonic anhydrase inhibitors vasopressin antagonists
osmotic diuretic used?
mannitol
mannitol MOA?
osmotic diuretics freely filtered into the lumen of the nephron and not reabsorbed leading to increase of solutes in nephron and allowing water to follow
side effect of mannitol?
hyponatremia/hypernatremia
headache
N/V
dehydration
indications of mannitol?
to increase urine output
decrease intra cranial pressure
major contraindication of mannitol?
renal dysfunction during mannitol therapy
MOA of thiazide diuretics?
inhibit NaCl reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule
increase calcium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule
when does thiazide diuretics not work (note creatinine levels)?
it doesn’t work if creatine clearance is less than 30, severe renal dysfunction
side effects of thiazide diuretics?
hypokalemia
hypomagnesemia
hyponatremia
hypercalcemia
hyperuricemia
hyperlipidemia
glucose intolerance
allergic reaction
weakness
indications for thiazide diuretics?
nephrolithiasis
what are loop diuretics?
Bumetanide (Bumex)
Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)
Furosemide (Lasix)
Torsemide (Demadex)
loop diuretic MOA?
bind to Na/K/2Cl transport system blocking the reabsorption of Cl thus sodium and water will follow
side effects of loop diuretics?
hypokalemia
hypomagnesemia
hyperuricemia
hyponatremia
indications of loop diuretics?
heart failure
acute pulmonary edema
contraindications of loop diuretics?
anuria
hypersensitivity to furosemide, bumetanide or torsemide
contraindicated in patients with sulfonamide allergic reactions
