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ABSN > visual & sensory - patho -E2 > Flashcards

visual & sensory - patho -E2 Flashcards

1
Q

cataracts

A

-cloudy lens
-gradual onset of painless blurry vision
-if untreated can lead to blindness

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2
Q

cataracts risk factors (6)

A

-older age
-eye trauma
-congenital risk
-DM
-corticosteroid use
-smoking & ETOH consumption

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3
Q

cataract manifestations

A

-painless
-uni or bilater vision changes: blurry, halo around lights, altered color perceptions, glare issues at night, decreased accommodation

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4
Q

cataract treatment

A

surgical

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5
Q

diabetic retinopathy - non proliferative

A

-capillary micro aneurysms, retinal swelling, hard exudate
-macular edema (plasma leaks from macular blood vessels)
-capillaries rupture, leading to “dot or blot” hemorrhaging

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6
Q

diabetic retinopathy - proliferative

A

-advanced retinopathy (include sx of non pro)
-new blood vessels are fragile & leaky

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7
Q

HTN retinopathy

A

high BP creates blockages in retinal blood vessels -> initially no vision changes but if sustained can cause sudden visual loss d/t swelling of the optic disc & nerve
normal vision is restored w/ treatment of htn

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8
Q

retinal detachement

A

-retina has a tear or leak
-vitreous humor flows behind the retina
-rapid, progressive detachment from the choroid

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9
Q

retinal detachement etiology

A

spontaneous & more likely to occur w/ people who have myopia (near sighted, can’t see far)

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10
Q

retinal detachment risk factors (4)

A

-over 40
-traumas to the head
-eye tumors
-complication or hx of cataract surgery

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11
Q

retinal detachment manifestations

A

-sudden, unilateral vision loss
-painless
-may see floaters
-flashes of light

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12
Q

age related macular degeneration is the

A

most common cause of irreversible vision loss in people over 60

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13
Q

age related macular degeneration: dry

A

-most common
-yellow deposits in the retinal pigment epithelium

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14
Q

age related macular degeneration: wet

A

-exudative
-get new blood vessels & hemorrhage around the macular area which can cause more issues

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15
Q

age related macular degeneration risk factors (6)

A

-family hx
-genetics
-UV light (pilots, lots of sun)
-hyperopia (far sighted)
-smoking
-light colored eyes

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16
Q

what foods are protective against age related macular degeneration

A

dark green, leafy vegetables

17
Q

macular degeneration manifestations

A

-early: asym
-late: blurred, darkened vision, blind spots (scotomas), distorted vision (metamorphopsia )

18
Q

macular degeneration treatment

A

limited, can injected medicine into eyes

19
Q

glaucoma

A

-elevated intraocular pressure + vision changes OR optic nerve damage
-chronic condition usually affecting both eyes
-two types: open & closed angle

20
Q

risk factors for open angle glaucoma (8)

A

-elevated IOP
-age (older)
-race (AA)
-family hx
-myopia (near sighted)
-DM, HTN, migraines

21
Q

open angle glaucoma pathogenesis

A

abnormal trabecular meshwork causing reduced drainage of the aqueous humor into the canal of schlemm which causes an imbalance between inflow & outflow (increased IOP)

22
Q

open angle glaucoma manifestations

A

-none in early stages
-progressive loss of sight
-vague eye pain
-halos around lights
-tunnel vision

23
Q

closed angle glaucoma

A

(much less common)
abnormal angle between the iris & later cornea that causes outflow to be blocked completely when the pupil is dilated

24
Q

closed angle glaucoma risk factors (5)

A

-asian
-females
-hyperopia
-family hx
-older age

25
Q

acute angle closure glaucoma is

A

an emergency & outcome is based on time from onset to treatment

26
Q

what is the biggest trigger to acute angle closure glaucoma

A

anticholinergic drugs (antihis / cold medicines, anxiety , motion sickness, ect)

27
Q

acute angle closure glaucoma clinical manifestations

A

-unilateral
-severe eye pain
-N/v
-blurry vision, halos
-reddened eyes
-dilated pupil that is non reactive to light
-cloudy cornea

28
Q

glaucoma & blindness

A

-all types if not treated can cause it
-more pressure on inner eye structures
-decreased blood flow to optic nerve
-nerve fiber death lead to blindess

29
Q

what do we need for glaucoma pharmacotherapy

A

-drugs that decrease aqueous humor production
-increase aqueous humor drainage
or both
acute angle crisis must be treated w/ surgical intervention

30
Q

meniere disease

A

-endolympathic hydrops
-episodic disorder of the middle eat
-can be uni or bi lat
-excessive endolymph & pressure in the membranes disrupt vestibular & hearing function

31
Q

meniere disease clinical manifestations

A

-recurring episodes of veritgo w/ N/v
-hearing loss
-ringing in the ears
-feeling of fullness

32
Q

meniere disease treatment

A

treat the symptoms
-diet changes bc can be triggered by caffeine, alc, stress, MSGs & allergies & all require Na restriction

ABSN (90 decks)

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