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ABSN > Peds Exam 1- Infants > Flashcards

Peds Exam 1- Infants Flashcards

1
Q

when we think growth and development we must think

A

safety and how to promote it in the hospital

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2
Q

infancy age group

A

birth to 12 months (first 28 days is neonatal)

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3
Q

toddler age group

A

1 years old to until they turn 3 years old

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4
Q

preschooler age group

A

3 years old until they turn 6 y/o

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5
Q

School age age group

A

6 years old until they turn 12 y/o

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6
Q

prepubertal age group

A

10 until they turn 13 y/o

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7
Q

adolescence

A

13 until they turn 18y/o

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8
Q

piaget sensorimotor age group

A

birth until 2y/o

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9
Q

piaget preoperation age group

A

2 until 6 y/o (school age)

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10
Q

piaget operaiton age group

A

school age

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11
Q

piaget formal operaiton age group

A

adolescences

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12
Q

Erikson: infant

A

trust vs mistrust

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13
Q

Erikson: toddler

A

autonomy vs shame & doubt

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14
Q

Erikson: preschooler

A

initiative vs guilt

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15
Q

Erikson: school ager

A

industry vs inferiority

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16
Q

Erikson: adolescence

A

identity vs role confusion

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17
Q

infant weight

A

-lose 10% after birth
-gain 1oz/d (5-7 oz/wk) until 6 mo
-doubles wt by 6 mo
-triples wt by 1 yr

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18
Q

when do we get concerned about a child’s weight

A

-if a child is not back to birth weight by 2mo
-if child is not gaining 5-7oz per week until 6mo

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19
Q

infant height

A

-1in/mo unitl 6mo
-increase 50% by 1 yr

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20
Q

infant head growth

A

0.5 in/mo until 6mo

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21
Q

what do we measure for OFC

A

occipital circumference to ensure brain growth & nothing is wrong

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22
Q

anterior fontanelle closes

A

by 18 months
if answers mentions fontanelle pasted closure time, distractor

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23
Q

posterior fontanelle closes between

A

6-8 wk

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24
Q

what can the fontanelles (esp the anterior) assess

A

hydration (sunken = dehydrated, bulging = increased inter-cranial pressure)

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25
Q

how many times does an infant breath per minute

A

30-40x

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26
Q

infant normal temp

A

rectal: 90-99.5
axillary: 97.6-98.6

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27
Q

infant HR

A

100-160 bpm

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28
Q

infant BP

A

75/42

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29
Q

startle reflex

A

-appears @ birth
-until 4mo
-stim: loud noise or head drop
-rx: arms spread, fingers extended & then flex

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30
Q

rooting reflex

A

-appears @ birth
-until 3 to 4 mo
-stim: stroke cheek
-rx: turns head & opens mouth

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31
Q

palmer grasp reflex

A

-appears @ birth
-until 3 to 6 mo
-stim: place finger in palm
-rx: all fingers flex around finger

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32
Q

asym tonic reflex

A

-appears @ birth
-until 4 to 6 mo
-stim: supine baby -> turn head & hold 15sec
-rx: turn side arm&leg extend, other side flexes

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33
Q

babinski reflex

A

-appears @ birth
-until 2 yrs
-stim: stroke bottom of foot from heal to toes
-rx: big toe flexes towards top of foot, other toes fan

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34
Q

what allows use to test neuro status in kids

A

reflexes

35
Q

how far can an infant see after birth

A

8-10 in

36
Q

at what month can infant turn their head

A

4mo -> will see infants following mom past midline (before 4mo, things disappear if they cross midline)

37
Q

when do infants develop depth perception & directed reach

A

6 months

38
Q

when is object permanence developed

A

10 month (continues as memory increases)
piaget

39
Q

what does piaget help us understand

A

the way a child thinks

40
Q

when do babies get their first teeth & S/s

A

6months -> will have increased drooling, small fever and inflammation of the gums

41
Q

what do we not recommend to help reduce teething symptoms

A

home remedies like liquor and origel recommend something cold that they can chew on

42
Q

what is the timeline for holding own head up

A

-1mo: marked head lag
-3mo: can hold head up
-4/6mo: well established head control
no head lag by 6mo

43
Q

when should a baby be able to roll over

A

by 6 months (first belly to back then back to belly)

44
Q

when can an infant crawl & when can they creep

A

-crawl (belly on floor) by 8-10 mo
-creep (belly off floor) by 11 mo

45
Q

what is the timeline for sitting without support

A

-6mo: sit w/ support
-7mo: sit alone in tripod
-8mo: can sit unsupported
-10mo: can go into a sitting position from prone or supine

46
Q

when can infant bear all their wt on their legs w/ someone holding them

A

6-7 mo

47
Q

when can a baby pull themselves up and then stand holding the furniture

A

9 months
safety hazard for falling out of crib so lower the mattress

48
Q

what does cruising mean and when can an infant do it

A

the infant can walk but always has to be holding onto something for support and they can do this by 10-12 mo can stand alone

49
Q

when does walking happen

A

-by 12mo, walks well w/ one hand being held and the other out for balance
-walking alone by 15mo
wide base

50
Q

when can an infant transfer an object from one hand to the other

A

7 months

51
Q

when does grabbing things go from reflexive to voluntary

A

by 3 months of age, grabbing is voluntary
everything before 3mo is a reflex

52
Q

when does a baby start to intentionally bring things to their mouth and what is our concern

A

at 4-6 months -> creates choking hazards

52
Q

when can a baby hold their own bottle

A

6 months

53
Q

when does a baby have a refined pincer grasp

A

by 11-12 months, promote by giving finger foods (before this it is reflex -> palmer -> racking)

54
Q

when does separation anxiety begin

A

6 months

55
Q

eriksons trust vs mistrust, how is trust established

A

by someone meeting their needs (parents must be in sync w/ child)
ex: when baby cries, do they get picked up or fed
if needs meet, more trusting for the rest of their life

56
Q

sensorimotor: stage 1

A

-up to 1mo
-reflexives

57
Q

sensorimotor: stage 2

A

primary circular reactions
-development of habits
-egocentric
-1 to 4 months

58
Q

sensorimotor: stage 3

A

secondary circular reactions
-interact more w/ the environment
-ex: if I scream, mom comes running ; if i kick this, sound is produced
-4 to 8 mo

59
Q

sensorimotor: stage 4

A

coordination of secondary
-responsive become more coordinated
-actions have intention (ex: reach behind to get something hidden)

60
Q

what do nurses need to promote in regards to social develop

A

attachment and bonding
-w/ this caregivers are less likely to harm the child in the future and properly care for the child

61
Q

when does a social smile develop

A

6-8wk

62
Q

when does a baby giggle and show excitement

A

3 months

63
Q

when does discipline start

A

9-10 months
baby understands simple commands like “no” or “stop”

64
Q

stages of prolonged separation

A

emotional deprivation during first 3 yrs of life
1) protest
2) despair
3) detachment

65
Q

consequences of prolonged separation

A

-slowed physical growth
-more prone to infections and disease
-reactive attachment disorder

66
Q

reactive attachment disorder

A

occurs after maladaptive or absent attachment -> child may refuse to make eye contact, poor impulse control, destructive to self and others

67
Q

when does separation anxiety start

A

6 months

68
Q

stranger fear starts at which age

A

onset: 6 months
peak: 1 yr

69
Q

what causes stress to an infant

A

-loss of caregivers
-loud noises
-bright lights
-sudden movement

70
Q

how much do infants sleep

A

-first 4mo, up to 20 hr per day
5 mo sleeping through the night w/ 2 naps

71
Q

what is the most important part of play for an infant

A

the interaction

72
Q

when does solitary play begin

A

3-6 months

73
Q

what are the appropriate toys for an infant - first 6 months

A

-interaction
-non breakable mirrors
-music boxes
-soft toys
-crinkle books
-hanging mobiles
always books

74
Q

what are the appropriate toys for an infant - 7-12

A

-peek a boo
-unbreakable mirrors
-pots & pans
-nesting toys
-soft, squishy ballsl
-push toys (11-12)
-stacking toys
always books

75
Q

what is the first form of language

A

crying

76
Q

when does vocalization begin

A

5-6 weeks

77
Q

language @ 3-4 mo

A

consonant sounds, laughs

78
Q

language @ 5-7 mo

A

vowel sounds

79
Q

language @ 8mo

A

imitating sounds, combining syllables

80
Q

language @ 12 mo

A

can say 3-5 words w/ meaning beyound “mama” & “dada”

81
Q

spoiled child

A

when a parent always gives into their demand
cannot spoil by showing infant love, affection and care

82
Q

when can a baby feed themselves with a spoon

A

> 12 months

ABSN (118 decks)

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