Synthesis Flashcards
Ages
- Neonate: birth - 28 days
- Infant: 1mo - 12 mo
- Toddler: 1yr - 2 yr
- Preschooler: 3yr - 6yr
- School Age: 6yr - 12yr
- Adolescence: 13yr - 18yr
Heart Rates
- Newborn: 100-180
- Infant: 80-120
- Toddler: 80-110
- School Age: 70-110
- Adolescent: 55-90
Respirations
- Newborn: 35
- Infant: 30
- Toddler: 23-35
- School Age: 17-21
- Adolescent: 17-18
BP: newborn
65 / 41
BP: Infant
65-100 / 45-65
BP: toddler
90-105 / 55-70
BP: schoolager
100-120 / 60-75
BP: adolescent
110-135 / 65-85
Temps
- Newborn: 97.7 F
- Infant: 99.5 F
- Toddler: 99
- School Age: 98
- Adolescent: 97.8 F
normal UOP
1-2 ml/kg/hr
rooting reflex
birth to 4 months
- stroke cheek and infant opens mouth and turns head
palmer grasp
birth to 6 months
-place finger in infants palm and infant will flex all finger around examiners finger
moro reflex
birth to 4 months
present loud noise or allow infant’s head to drop slight, infants arms spread and fingers extend then flex and then arms comes towards each other
babinski
birth to 2 years
CPR: child
perform cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute, pushing on the middle of the chest to a depth of about 2 inches
CPR: infant
Push on the middle of the chest 30 times at a depth of 1½ inches with two fingers at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute.
Provide 30 compressions and then give two rescue breaths.
Repeat cycles
croup sx
characterized by hoarseness, a resonant cough described as “barking” or “brassy” (croupy), varying degrees of inspiratory stridor, & varying degrees of respiratory distress resulting from swelling or obstruction in the region of the larynx
croup CM
Epiglottis becomes edematous, occluding airway
Trachea swells resulting in restriction of the airway
Mucosal inflammation and edema narrow airway
Sudden onset of harsh, metallic “barky” cough, inspiratory stridor or hoarseness
Respiratory distress
Substernal or suprasternal retractions
Agitation
Pallor or cyanosis (in serious cases)
Increased HR, extreme restlessness, or listlessness
Hypoxia
croup management
Priority goals- airway, breathing
High humidity with cool mist
Humidified oxygen
Adequate fluid intake
Comforting measures
Racemic epinephrine **watch for rebound
Corticosteroids
Avoid cough syrups & cold medicines
Bronchodilators & Antibiotics not helpful!
Epiglottitis
Bacterial “croup”
Serious, life-threatening obstructive inflammatory process
Usually Between 2 & 5–years-old
Epiglottitis CM
Abrupt onset, starts with sore throat
High fever, mouth open, tongue protruding, drooling, agitation.
Looks very sick, insists on sitting upright (tripod position)
Sore red inflamed throat, difficulty swallowing
Muffled voice, inspiratory stridor, No spontaneous cough
Epiglottitis interventions
Maintain the airway
NO tongue blades! Don’t look in the throat
Avoid x-ray and transport
Let parents be with child
Prepare for sedation & intubation
four D’s of Epiglottitis
drooling
dysphagia
dysphonia
distressed inspiratory efforts
Epiglottitis treatment
Throat and blood specimens are obtained for culture after the child isintubated.
Antipyretics are given for fever.
Antibiotics are administered IV until the child isextubated.
Usually the child improves dramatically after 48 hours of antibiotic therapy and can be extubated at this time. The usual course of treatment is 7 to 10 days.
