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ABSN > Peds Final - Skin > Flashcards

Peds Final - Skin Flashcards

1
Q

diaper dermatitis

A

caused by:
-contact or irritant
-candida albicans (thrush)
-bacterial: MRSA, strep

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2
Q

diaper dermatitis nursing considerations

A

-open to air and allow to dry
-avoid irritant
-change wet diapers immediately
-occlusive ointments (zinc oxide or petroleum)
-wash off feces w/ water & mild soap

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3
Q

candida albicans skin infection

A

-beefy red, extends into creases, satellite lesions
-precipitated by antibiotic use, immunosuppression or exposure to yeast
-treat w/ anti fungal (nystatin cream)

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4
Q

seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap)

A

-chronic, recurrent, inflammation scaling disorder of the scalp & face
-most common inn early infancy
-lesions are thick, adherent, yellowish, scaly, oily, patches (possibly pruritic aka itchy)

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5
Q

seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap) nursinng interventions

A

-may be prevented w/ adequate scalp hygiene
-remove lesions by shampooing daily (anti seborrheic shampoo that sits until soft)
-soft brush

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6
Q

eczema

A

pruritic inflammation of the skin associated with allergy and a hereditary tendency
dry & feels like sand paper

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7
Q

therapeutic mgt of eczema

A

-relieve pruritus (colloid baths, oral antihistamines)
- hydrate the skin, lubricate after bathing
-reduce inflammation, topical steroids
-prevent or control secondary infection

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8
Q

how often should eczema kids take baths

A

not daily, pat dry after and apply lotion after

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9
Q

contact dermatitis

A

-response to an antigenic substance exposure
-allergy to nickel or cobalt in clothing, hardware or dyes
-exposure to highly allergenic plants

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10
Q

contact dermatitis complications

A

-secondary bacterial skin infection
-lichenification or hyperpigmentation

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11
Q

poison ivy

A

redness, swelling & itching at site of contact; advances to streaked or spotty blisters

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12
Q

poison ivy mgt

A

-flush area immediately after contact w/ cold, running water
-wash clothing and the pets
do not scratch, will not spread the rash but can cause secondary infection

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13
Q

impetigo

A

highly contagious superficial infection of the skin due to strep -> macular rash that progresses to a papular, vasicular rash that oozes and forms a moist, honey colored crust
face, arm pits & extremities

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14
Q

impetigo treatment

A

keep it covered and abx
-soak
-topical ointment (remove scabs then apply)
-no school for 24 hours
-wash hands
-no sharing towels or linens
-cut nails short & cover hands at night

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15
Q

cellulitis

A

deep, locally diffuse infection of skin with system manifestations caused by strep or H. influenza

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16
Q

cellulitis clinical findings

A

fever, swelling, heat, and tenderness of involved skin

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17
Q

cellulitis treatment

A

-if around face or joint will treat more aggressively w/ IV abx
-if in tissue, will try to express it and then put on bactrum

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18
Q

cellulitis therapeutic mgt

A

-oral abx
-rest & immobilization
-warm, moist compresses
-hospitalization if face or joint is involved

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19
Q

herpes

A

viral infection of the skin & mucous membranes characterized by clusters of vesicles filled w/ clear fluid

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20
Q

herpes clinical findings

A

burning, itching, vesicles on inflammatory base which dries forming a crust followed by exfoliation & spontaneous healing in 8-10 day

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21
Q

herpes treatment

A

topical, warm compresses (burow solution)

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22
Q

verruca (warts)

A

epidermal, benign tumors caused by HPV

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23
Q

verruca clinical findings

A

solitary flesh colored papule with an irregular, scaly surface some w/ pin point black spots

24
Q

verruca treatment/education

A

most disappear without treatment but takes years and repeated irritation may cause enlargement -> can use cryotherapy, salicylic acid paints

25
Q

erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

A

a very common rash caused by parvovirus leading to rash, minor itching, tiredness, sore throat or slight fever looks like cheeks have been slapped

26
Q

erythema infectiosum severe complication

A

fetal death if mother infected durinng pregnancy

27
Q

aplastic crisis

A

kids w/ hemolytic disease or immunodeficiency

28
Q

varicella

A

caused by varicella zoster virus and spread primarily via respiratory tract secretions & contact w/ skin lesions
1 day between transmission & rash then the incubation period is 14-21 days

29
Q

varicella clinical manifestations

A

-slight fever
-malaise
-anorexia
-pruritic rash

30
Q

varicella therapeutic mgt

A

-strict isolation until all lesions are crusted over which could take multiple days
-no itching

31
Q

tinea corporis

A

fungal infection on the skin
-treat w/ lotion

31
Q

tinea capitis

A

fungal infection on the scalp
-oral anti fungal for 6 wks

32
Q

tinea cruris

A

“jock itch”
-treat w/ a spray

33
Q

tinea pedis

A

“athlete’s foot”
-keep feet dry & use a lotion & be open to air as much as possible

34
Q

tinea (ringworm)

A

transmitted person to person or infected animals to humans, causing a round inflamed carea
-treated w/ topical or oral anti fungal

35
Q

tinea (ringworm) nursing consideration

A

-emphasize good health & hygiene
-examine household pets
-teach children not to share hats, scarves or helmets

36
Q

pediculosis (head lice)

A

infestation of the hair or scalp by pediculus humanus capitis, usually found in hair behind ears and nape of neck

37
Q

pediculosis treatment

A

-pick all the lice / nits out of hair
-permethrin shampoo on dry hair for 10 minutes
-malathion on dry hair for 8-12 hrs
-kwell shampoo, toxic non ovicidal

38
Q

pediculosis education

A

-do not get shampoo in eyes
-do not treat in bathtub or shower
-apply only to infected area
-wash bedding & clothes in hot water and dry in hot dryer for 20 mins
-use fine tooth comb
-soak brushes and combs
-store unwashables in sealed plastic for 2 wks or freezer over night
-vacuum carpet

39
Q

scabies

A

impregnated female mite burrows into the stratum corneum of the epidermis and deposits eggs and feces

40
Q

scabies clinical manifestations

A

-intense pruritus
-maculopapular lesions, intertriginous area

41
Q

scabies therapeutic mgt

A

everyone in the family needs to be treated & anyone who had conntact
-apply scabicide permethrin 5% cream & possible neurotoxic lindane for resistant cases (follow directions exactly)
Ivermectin contraindicated in children younger than 5 yrs

42
Q

treatment application for scabies

A

sleep in the cream over night and do not put the cream on your face

43
Q

when can you start using sunscreen on a baby

A

after 6 months, before that always in shade

44
Q

treatment for sunburn

A

-cool water no ice directly on skin
-NSAIDs for pain
-clean dressings
-do not pop blisters or peel off dead skin
-stay hydrated

45
Q

treatment for mild ache

A

benzyl peroxide or siliconic acid when you wash face at night and let it sit before rinsing off

46
Q

treatment for moderate to severe ache

A

go to derm and get oral med that is highly concentrated with vitamin A that is taken for 6-8 mo

47
Q

minor rx to sting or bite

A

-redness
-swelling
-pan or tenderness
-stinger left in or venom sac forms

48
Q

severe rx to sting or bite

A

anaphylaxis

49
Q

care for insect stings or bites

A

-if known allergy, call 911 & epipen
-remove stinger w/ credit card
-wash area w/ soap and water
-apply ice or cold pack
-observe for more severe rx

50
Q

why are ticks bad

A

they are not poisonous but transmit diseases like lyme disease & rocky mountain spotted fever

51
Q

tick bites

A

bite into skin, embed mouth part and con remain for days if not detected

52
Q

tick bite treatment

A

no treatment needed beyond removing the tick but watch for signs of lyme disease which includes rash, fever, chills, severe headache, joint & muscle aches

53
Q

how to remove a tick

A

grasp tick close to the skin with tweezers and pull gently until tick lets go -> wash area w/ soap & water -> put antiseptic on site and apply antibiotic cream if not allergic -> monitor for rash bulleyes

54
Q

how to prevent tick bites

A

-keep yards and wood tidy
-wear socks w/ pants tucked in
-wear light colored clothing
-do not lay things on the ground
-walk in the middle of paths and avoid unkept trails
-comb through hair & body after being in high risk areas

ABSN (118 decks)

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