Peds Final - Skin Flashcards
diaper dermatitis
caused by:
-contact or irritant
-candida albicans (thrush)
-bacterial: MRSA, strep
diaper dermatitis nursing considerations
-open to air and allow to dry
-avoid irritant
-change wet diapers immediately
-occlusive ointments (zinc oxide or petroleum)
-wash off feces w/ water & mild soap
candida albicans skin infection
-beefy red, extends into creases, satellite lesions
-precipitated by antibiotic use, immunosuppression or exposure to yeast
-treat w/ anti fungal (nystatin cream)
seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap)
-chronic, recurrent, inflammation scaling disorder of the scalp & face
-most common inn early infancy
-lesions are thick, adherent, yellowish, scaly, oily, patches (possibly pruritic aka itchy)
seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap) nursinng interventions
-may be prevented w/ adequate scalp hygiene
-remove lesions by shampooing daily (anti seborrheic shampoo that sits until soft)
-soft brush
eczema
pruritic inflammation of the skin associated with allergy and a hereditary tendency
dry & feels like sand paper
therapeutic mgt of eczema
-relieve pruritus (colloid baths, oral antihistamines)
- hydrate the skin, lubricate after bathing
-reduce inflammation, topical steroids
-prevent or control secondary infection
how often should eczema kids take baths
not daily, pat dry after and apply lotion after
contact dermatitis
-response to an antigenic substance exposure
-allergy to nickel or cobalt in clothing, hardware or dyes
-exposure to highly allergenic plants
contact dermatitis complications
-secondary bacterial skin infection
-lichenification or hyperpigmentation
poison ivy
redness, swelling & itching at site of contact; advances to streaked or spotty blisters
poison ivy mgt
-flush area immediately after contact w/ cold, running water
-wash clothing and the pets
do not scratch, will not spread the rash but can cause secondary infection
impetigo
highly contagious superficial infection of the skin due to strep -> macular rash that progresses to a papular, vasicular rash that oozes and forms a moist, honey colored crust
face, arm pits & extremities
impetigo treatment
keep it covered and abx
-soak
-topical ointment (remove scabs then apply)
-no school for 24 hours
-wash hands
-no sharing towels or linens
-cut nails short & cover hands at night
cellulitis
deep, locally diffuse infection of skin with system manifestations caused by strep or H. influenza
cellulitis clinical findings
fever, swelling, heat, and tenderness of involved skin
cellulitis treatment
-if around face or joint will treat more aggressively w/ IV abx
-if in tissue, will try to express it and then put on bactrum
cellulitis therapeutic mgt
-oral abx
-rest & immobilization
-warm, moist compresses
-hospitalization if face or joint is involved
herpes
viral infection of the skin & mucous membranes characterized by clusters of vesicles filled w/ clear fluid
herpes clinical findings
burning, itching, vesicles on inflammatory base which dries forming a crust followed by exfoliation & spontaneous healing in 8-10 day
herpes treatment
topical, warm compresses (burow solution)
verruca (warts)
epidermal, benign tumors caused by HPV
verruca clinical findings
solitary flesh colored papule with an irregular, scaly surface some w/ pin point black spots
verruca treatment/education
most disappear without treatment but takes years and repeated irritation may cause enlargement -> can use cryotherapy, salicylic acid paints
erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
a very common rash caused by parvovirus leading to rash, minor itching, tiredness, sore throat or slight fever looks like cheeks have been slapped
erythema infectiosum severe complication
fetal death if mother infected durinng pregnancy
aplastic crisis
kids w/ hemolytic disease or immunodeficiency
varicella
caused by varicella zoster virus and spread primarily via respiratory tract secretions & contact w/ skin lesions
1 day between transmission & rash then the incubation period is 14-21 days
varicella clinical manifestations
-slight fever
-malaise
-anorexia
-pruritic rash
varicella therapeutic mgt
-strict isolation until all lesions are crusted over which could take multiple days
-no itching
tinea corporis
fungal infection on the skin
-treat w/ lotion
tinea capitis
fungal infection on the scalp
-oral anti fungal for 6 wks
tinea cruris
“jock itch”
-treat w/ a spray
tinea pedis
“athlete’s foot”
-keep feet dry & use a lotion & be open to air as much as possible
tinea (ringworm)
transmitted person to person or infected animals to humans, causing a round inflamed carea
-treated w/ topical or oral anti fungal
tinea (ringworm) nursing consideration
-emphasize good health & hygiene
-examine household pets
-teach children not to share hats, scarves or helmets
pediculosis (head lice)
infestation of the hair or scalp by pediculus humanus capitis, usually found in hair behind ears and nape of neck
pediculosis treatment
-pick all the lice / nits out of hair
-permethrin shampoo on dry hair for 10 minutes
-malathion on dry hair for 8-12 hrs
-kwell shampoo, toxic non ovicidal
pediculosis education
-do not get shampoo in eyes
-do not treat in bathtub or shower
-apply only to infected area
-wash bedding & clothes in hot water and dry in hot dryer for 20 mins
-use fine tooth comb
-soak brushes and combs
-store unwashables in sealed plastic for 2 wks or freezer over night
-vacuum carpet
scabies
impregnated female mite burrows into the stratum corneum of the epidermis and deposits eggs and feces
scabies clinical manifestations
-intense pruritus
-maculopapular lesions, intertriginous area
scabies therapeutic mgt
everyone in the family needs to be treated & anyone who had conntact
-apply scabicide permethrin 5% cream & possible neurotoxic lindane for resistant cases (follow directions exactly)
Ivermectin contraindicated in children younger than 5 yrs
treatment application for scabies
sleep in the cream over night and do not put the cream on your face
when can you start using sunscreen on a baby
after 6 months, before that always in shade
treatment for sunburn
-cool water no ice directly on skin
-NSAIDs for pain
-clean dressings
-do not pop blisters or peel off dead skin
-stay hydrated
treatment for mild ache
benzyl peroxide or siliconic acid when you wash face at night and let it sit before rinsing off
treatment for moderate to severe ache
go to derm and get oral med that is highly concentrated with vitamin A that is taken for 6-8 mo
minor rx to sting or bite
-redness
-swelling
-pan or tenderness
-stinger left in or venom sac forms
severe rx to sting or bite
anaphylaxis
care for insect stings or bites
-if known allergy, call 911 & epipen
-remove stinger w/ credit card
-wash area w/ soap and water
-apply ice or cold pack
-observe for more severe rx
why are ticks bad
they are not poisonous but transmit diseases like lyme disease & rocky mountain spotted fever
tick bites
bite into skin, embed mouth part and con remain for days if not detected
tick bite treatment
no treatment needed beyond removing the tick but watch for signs of lyme disease which includes rash, fever, chills, severe headache, joint & muscle aches
how to remove a tick
grasp tick close to the skin with tweezers and pull gently until tick lets go -> wash area w/ soap & water -> put antiseptic on site and apply antibiotic cream if not allergic -> monitor for rash bulleyes
how to prevent tick bites
-keep yards and wood tidy
-wear socks w/ pants tucked in
-wear light colored clothing
-do not lay things on the ground
-walk in the middle of paths and avoid unkept trails
-comb through hair & body after being in high risk areas
