Peds Exam 1 - Preschoolers Flashcards
weight
ave wt gain is 5lbs/yr
height
grows 2.5-3 in/yr
teeth
all teeth are in, no new teeth developing
teeth correlate w/ puberty -> early teeth, early puberty
general growth
-legs elongate rather than the trunk
-muscle develop
-bone growth not mature
-prone to injury
pot belly goes away
what activities can a child do by age 3
-rides tricycle
-broad jump
-balance on tiptoe
-balances on foot for a few secs
what activities can a child do by age 4
-skips & hops on 1 foot
-catches ball reliably
what activities can a child do by age 5
-throws and catches ball well
-balances on alternate feet (bounce back & forth)
-begins to skate and swim
-increased strength & refinement
fine motor skills for a 3 year old
-simply puzzles
-play dough
-copies & draws circles & cross
-stacks up to 9 cubes
fine motor skills for a 4 year old
-copies crosses & squares
-prints some letters (reserve)
-use table utensils skillfully
-cuts on a line
fine motor skills for a 5 year old
-hand preference (early is concerning)
-can grasp a pencil correctly
-lace up shoes (not tie)
-colors within lines
-cuts and pastes simple shapes
what causes a 3-6yr stress
-separation
-super natural beings / ghosts / monsters
-noise
-“bad people”
-injury
when does a child know their gender
3 years old
“girls shouldn’t do that” “this is for boys”
associative play
group play in similar or identical activities but without rigid organization or rules
cooperative play
imaginative & imitative play (imaginary friends are ok)
comes after associative play
play
-need less instruction
-first time they prefer to play with kids their own age vs adult
erikson: initiative vs guilt
-try everything and do everything for themselves (never shame their actions)
-might wish negatives things and believe their wishes could cause actual outcomes or that them being bad could cause illness
punishment for a preschooler
-conscience is developing so verbal warning
-time out for number of minutes that they are years old
do not make them feel bad about it
do preschoolers understand volume
no the water in 2 different size cups
preschooler’s thinking
-appears to understand more than they actually do
-magical thinking
how many words does a child have by age 5
more than 2100 words
at age 3-4 years old, how many words can be put into a sentence
3 to 4 words that are very brief
at age 4-5 years old, what part of language do children start using
adverbs, adjectives & more variety of verbs
by age 5, how many parts of speech can a child use
all parts
loves being read to and can start to read based on amount read to
how should we act towards a 5 year old in the hospital
be silly
